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  • Green thermoplastic poly(ether-urethane)s – synthesis, chemical structure and selected properties investigation
    • Paulina Kasprzyk
    • Kamila Błażek
    • Paulina Parcheta
    • Janusz Datta
    2020 Pełny tekst Polimery

    This work aimed to characterize the effect of the monomers chemical structure on the selected properties of the green thermoplastic poly(ether-urethane)s. During synthesis two types of polyether biopolyols, 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and bio-based 1,3-propanediol were employed. Materials were synthesized with the use of two step method and two different prepolymers, which were mixed together in equimolar quantities. Obtained materials were characterized by spectroscopic method, size exclusion chromatography, thermal, static mechanical and melt flow index tests. It was confirmed that the prepolymers mixture has an effect on the thermal stability and selected properties of synthesized green thermoplastic poly(ether-urethane)s.

  • Grimm Grass 1 (Słówka Grimmów)
    • Krzysztof Wróblewski
    2020

    Krzysztof Wróblewski | Eksperyment: Ekslibris - ekslibris do powieści „Słówka Grimmów” Güntera Grassa LINK DO PREZENTACJI EKSLIBRISU → https://youtu.be/823ryLQzxas W swoim ekslibrisie Krzysztof Wróblewski sięgnął po technikę graficzną linorytu. Dzięki niej artysta osiągnął efekt powtarzalnego, dynamicznego znaku-plamy, który stanowi kwintesencję wypowiedzi z pogranicza sztuk wizualnych i literatury. Zainspirowany poezją konkretną, gdzie rytm, autonomia słowa, gry językowe i eksperymenty formalne odgrywają kluczową rolę, Wróblewski bardzo silnie nawiązał także do swojego własnego rozpoznawalnego sposobu wypowiedzi twórczej. Polega on na przenikaniu się form, równorzędności abstrakcji i rzeczywistości, wizualnych zagadkach, zacieraniu znaczeń i kreowaniu nowych, odkrywaniu i zakrywaniu wizerunków i treści. Jest w nim sporo formalnej precyzji a jednocześnie przypadkowości, gier logicznych i semantycznych, fascynacji geometrią, rozważań z pogranicza estetyki i tekstu. Stawiane przez Wróblewskiego znaki działają jako całość, ale także stają się indywidualnymi bytami. Wizualizują analogie i różnice pomiędzy poszczególnymi słowami zaczerpniętymi z języka polskiego i niemieckiego, a także stanowią analizę rytmu i struktury nazwisk: Grass i Grimm. Artysta bowiem zmierzył się z jedną z najtrudniejszych powieści Grassa, jaką są „Słówka Grimmów”. Cała książka stanowi eksperyment werbalny, nieustanny pojedynek treści i formy. Każdy z rozdziałów inspirowany jest kolejną literą alfabetu, rozpoczynającą słowa, z których skomponowana jest jego zawartość. Stąd też powieść ta uznawana jest przez wielu tłumaczy za nieprzekładalną na inne języki. Ewidentnym wyjątkiem jest tu język sztuki, sprzyjający eksperymentowaniu i skomplikowanym uwikłaniom zachodzącym pomiędzy dyscyplinami twórczymi.

  • Grimm Grass 2 (Słówka Grimmów)
    • Krzysztof Wróblewski
    2020

    Krzysztof Wróblewski | Eksperyment: Ekslibris - ekslibris do powieści „Słówka Grimmów” Güntera Grassa LINK DO PREZENTACJI EKSLIBRISU → https://youtu.be/823ryLQzxas W swoim ekslibrisie Krzysztof Wróblewski sięgnął po technikę graficzną linorytu. Dzięki niej artysta osiągnął efekt powtarzalnego, dynamicznego znaku-plamy, który stanowi kwintesencję wypowiedzi z pogranicza sztuk wizualnych i literatury. Zainspirowany poezją konkretną, gdzie rytm, autonomia słowa, gry językowe i eksperymenty formalne odgrywają kluczową rolę, Wróblewski bardzo silnie nawiązał także do swojego własnego rozpoznawalnego sposobu wypowiedzi twórczej. Polega on na przenikaniu się form, równorzędności abstrakcji i rzeczywistości, wizualnych zagadkach, zacieraniu znaczeń i kreowaniu nowych, odkrywaniu i zakrywaniu wizerunków i treści. Jest w nim sporo formalnej precyzji a jednocześnie przypadkowości, gier logicznych i semantycznych, fascynacji geometrią, rozważań z pogranicza estetyki i tekstu. Stawiane przez Wróblewskiego znaki działają jako całość, ale także stają się indywidualnymi bytami. Wizualizują analogie i różnice pomiędzy poszczególnymi słowami zaczerpniętymi z języka polskiego i niemieckiego, a także stanowią analizę rytmu i struktury nazwisk: Grass i Grimm. Artysta bowiem zmierzył się z jedną z najtrudniejszych powieści Grassa, jaką są „Słówka Grimmów”. Cała książka stanowi eksperyment werbalny, nieustanny pojedynek treści i formy. Każdy z rozdziałów inspirowany jest kolejną literą alfabetu, rozpoczynającą słowa, z których skomponowana jest jego zawartość. Stąd też powieść ta uznawana jest przez wielu tłumaczy za nieprzekładalną na inne języki. Ewidentnym wyjątkiem jest tu język sztuki, sprzyjający eksperymentowaniu i skomplikowanym uwikłaniom zachodzącym pomiędzy dyscyplinami twórczymi.

  • Ground Tire Rubber Modified by Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer: Processing, Physico-Mechanical Properties, Volatile Organic Compounds Emission and Recycling Possibility
    • Łukasz Zedler
    • Paulina Burger
    • Shifeng Wang
    • Krzysztof Formela
    2020 Pełny tekst Materials

    Ground tire rubber (GTR) was reclaimed and modified with 10 phr of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer via low-temperature extrusion process. Processing, physico-mechanical properties, volatile organic compounds emission, and recycling possibility were investigated. In order to better understand the impact of used modifiers, their efficiency was compared with transpolyoctenamer, which is an additive that is commercially dedicated to waste rubber recycling. The results showed that a relatively small amount of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer improves the mechanical properties of modified reclaimed GTR and also allows further recycling by multiple processing without the deterioration of performance after three cycles.

  • Guest Editorial
    • Jakub Szczepański
    2020 Pełny tekst World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education

    Architectural Education

  • Heavy Metals in a High Arctic Fiord and Their Introduction with the Wastewater: A Case Study of Adventfjorden-Longyearbyen System, Svalbard
    • Agnieszka Kalinowska
    • Małgorzata Szopińska
    • Stanisław Chmiel
    • Magdalena Kończak
    • Żaneta Polkowska
    • Wojciech Artichowicz
    • Katarzyna Jankowska
    • Aga Nowak
    • Aneta Łuczkiewicz
    2020 Pełny tekst Water

    Longyearbyen is the largest settlement on Svalbard archipelago, with 2400 permanent residents and approximately 150,000 tourists visiting every year. The city annually releases approximately 285,000 m3 of untreated wastewater to the nearby Adventfjorden. To date, the environmental impact of this continuous input has been studied mainly regarding the sediments and benthic fauna in the fiord. Here, we present results from a study of raw wastewater entering Adventfjorden as well as heavy metals concentrations in the water column within the fjord itself. Two surveys were carried out in summer and autumn season 2018, to establish physical and chemical properties of water at various locations. Trace elements (V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Hg, As, Cd, Pb, U), total suspended solids (TSS) and total organic carbon (TOC) were measured. Our results show that Longyearbyen’s raw wastewater introduces low concentrations of heavy metals to the fiord, but due to the growing number of inhabitants and tourists, it should be monitored to avoid degradation of Adventfjorden ecosystem

  • Henryk Hadrian i jego praca w Instytucie Elektrotechniki i na Politechnice Gdańskiej
    • Witold Parteka
    2020 Pełny tekst Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziału Elektrotechniki i Automatyki Politechniki Gdańskiej

    W artykule przedstawiono sylwetkę Henryka Hadriana, absolwenta Wydziału Budowy Maszyn i Elektrotechniki politechniki w Gdańsku z 1935 roku. W latach 1945-1950 pracował w Zjednoczeniu Stoczni Polskich w Gdańsku, a w latach 1951- 1975 w gdańskim oddziale Instytutu Elektrotechniki, gdzie zorganizował i kierował działem elektrotechniki okrętowej, a także w centrali w Warszawie. Od przejścia na emeryturę w 1975, pełnił do 1990 roku funkcję rzecznika patentowego i konsultanta z zakładami pracy do spraw patentów i wdrożeń na Wydziale Elektrycznym Politechniki Gdańskiej .

  • Hierarchical MnO2 nanoflowers blooming on 3D nickel foam: A novel micro-macro catalyst for peroxymonosulfate activation
    • Ruixia Yuan
    • Zhongqiu Jiang
    • Zhaohui Wang
    • Simeng Gao
    • Zhanjian Liu
    • Meiling Li
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    2020 JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE

    In this work, birnessite-type δ-MnO2 nanoflowers were uniformly deposited on 3D nickel foam (NF) by one-step hydrothermal route for high-efficient activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) towards degradation of acid orange 7 (AO7). High specific surface area, large pore volume and 3D hierarchical structure promotes the mass and electron transfer for great catalytic activity. Low reaction energy barrier (Ea=27.5 kJ/mol) and outstanding reusability with extremely low manganese leaching during recycling (< 0.06 mg/L) was achieved due to the 3D hierarchical structure which could effectively avoid the agglomeration of nano-sized MnO2. SO4•- was confirmed to be the predominant reactive species for AO7 decomposition by electron spin resonance and quenching tests. The synergistic catalytic mechanism of MnO2/NF and the role of inner-sphere complexation between the active sites of MnO2 and peroxymonosulfate were thoroughly investigated. Compared with traditional nano/micro-sized catalysts, 3D macroscopic MnO2/NF with facile recovery and high stability potentially facilitates fascinating applications as green heterogeneous catalysis approach.

  • High catalytic performance of laccase wired to naphthylated multiwall carbon nanotubes
    • A. Ben Tahar
    • Kamila Sadowska
    • Jan Biernat
    • Ewa Paluszkiewicz
    • P. Cinquin
    • D. Martin
    • A. Zebda
    2020 Pełny tekst BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS

    The direct electrical connection of laccase on the electrode surface is a key feature in the design of efficient and stable biocathodes. However, laccases can perform a direct electron transfer only when they are in the preferable orientation toward the electrode. Here we report the investigation of the orientation of Laccase from Amano on multi-walled carbon nanotube surface modified with naphthalene group. Naphthylated multi wall carbon nanotubes were synthesized and the kinetics of Amano laccase adsorption and its direct electro catalytic activity toward oxygen reduction were investigated by QCM and electrochemical technics. Compared to pristine multi-walled carbon nanotube, laccase shows a high affinity to be adsorbed on naphthylated carbon nanotube. Moreover, laccase adsorption on naphthylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes surface is a very fast process and its electrical wiring to naphthylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes is accompanied by a reorientation and arrangement of adsorbed laccase. The naphthylated carbon nanotubes composite biocathode exhibits a high-performance biocathodes for oxygen reduction by direct electron transfer with maximum current densities of 3 mAcm-2.

  • Higher Responsiveness to Rosuvastatin in Polygenic versus Monogenic Hypercholesterolemia: A Propensity Score Analysis
    • Agnieszka Mickiewicz
    • Marta Futema
    • Agnieszka Ćwiklinska
    • Agnieszka Kuchta
    • Maciej Jankowski
    • Mariusz Kaszubowski
    • Magdalena Chmara
    • Bartosz Wasąg
    • Marcin Fijałkowski
    • Miłosz Jaguszewski
    • Steve E. Humphries
    • Marcin Gruchała
    2020 Pełny tekst Life

    Background: The monogenic defect in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is detected in ∼40% of cases. The majority of mutation-negative patients have a polygenic cause of high LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C). We sought to investigate whether the underlying monogenic or polygenic defect is associated with the response to rosuvastatin. Methods: FH Individuals were tested for mutations in LDLR and APOB genes. A previously established LDL-C-specific polygenic risk score (PRS) was used to examine the possibility of polygenic hypercholesterolemia in mutation-negative patients. All of the patients received rosuvastatin and they were followed for 8 ± 2 months. A propensity score analysis was performed to evaluate the variables associated with the response to treatment. Results: Monogenic subjects had higher mean (±SD) baseline LDL-C when compared to polygenic (7.6 ± 1.5 mmol/L vs. 6.2 ± 1.2 mmol/L; p < 0.001). Adjusted model showed a lower percentage of change in LDL-C after rosuvastatin treatment in monogenic patients vs. polygenic subjects (45.9% vs. 55.4%, p < 0.001). The probability of achieving LDL-C targets in monogenic FH was lower than in polygenic subjects (0.075 vs. 0.245, p = 0.004). Polygenic patients were more likely to achieve LDL-C goals, as compared to those monogenic (OR 3.28; 95% CI: 1.23-8.72). Conclusion: Our findings indicate an essentially higher responsiveness to rosuvastatin in FH patients with a polygenic cause, as compared to those carrying monogenic mutations.

  • Highly Conserved Homotrimer Cavity Formed by the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein: A Novel Binding Site
    • Umesh Kalathiya
    • Monikaben Padariya
    • Marcos Mayordomo
    • Małgorzata Lisowska
    • Judith Nicholson
    • Ashita Singh
    • Maciej Bagiński
    • Robin Fahraeus
    • Neil Carragher
    • Kathryn Ball
    • Juergen Haas
    • Alison Daniels
    • Ted R. Hupp
    • Javier Antonio Alfaro
    2020 Pełny tekst Journal of Clinical Medicine

    An important stage in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) life cycle is the binding of the spike (S) protein to the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) host cell receptor. Therefore, to explore conserved features in spike protein dynamics and to identify potentially novel regions for drugging, we measured spike protein variability derived from 791 viral genomes and studied its properties by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The findings indicated that S2 subunit (heptad-repeat 1 (HR1), central helix (CH), and connector domain (CD) domains) showed low variability, low fluctuations in MD, and displayed a trimer cavity. By contrast, the receptor binding domain (RBD) domain, which is typically targeted in drug discovery programs, exhibits more sequence variability and flexibility. Interpretations from MD simulations suggest that the monomer form of spike protein is in constant motion showing transitions between an “up” and “down” state. In addition, the trimer cavity may function as a “bouncing spring” that may facilitate the homotrimer spike protein interactions with the ACE2 receptor. The feasibility of the trimer cavity as a potential drug target was examined by structure based virtual screening. Several hits were identified that have already been validated or suggested to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 virus in published cell models. In particular, the data suggest an action mechanism for molecules including Chitosan and macrolides such as the mTOR (mammalian target of Rapamycin) pathway inhibitor Rapamycin. These findings identify a novel small molecule binding-site formed by the spike protein oligomer, that might assist in future drug discovery programs aimed at targeting the coronavirus (CoV) family of viruses.

  • High-Temperature Oxidation of Heavy Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes: Microstructural and Electrochemical Performance Modification
    • Jacek Ryl
    • Mateusz Cieślik
    • Artur Zieliński
    • Mateusz Ficek
    • Bartłomiej Dec
    • Kazimierz Darowicki
    • Robert Bogdanowicz
    2020 Pełny tekst Materials

    In this work, we reveal in detail the effects of high-temperature treatment in air at 600 °C on the microstructure as well as the physico-chemical and electrochemical properties of boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes. The thermal treatment of freshly grown BDD electrodes was applied, resulting in permanent structural modifications of surface depending on the exposure time. High temperature affects material corrosion, inducing crystal defects. The oxidized BDD surfaces were studied by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), revealing a significant decrease in the electrode activity and local heterogeneity of areas owing to various standard rate constants. This effect was correlated with a resultant increase of surface resistance heterogeneity by scanning spreading resistance microscopy (SSRM). The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the rate and heterogeneity of the oxidation process, revealing hydroxyl species to be dominant on the electrode surface. Morphological tests using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that prolonged durations of high-temperature treatment lead not only to surface oxidation but also to irreversible structural defects in the form of etch pits. Our results show that even subsequent electrode rehydrogenation in plasma is not sufficient to reverse this surface oxidation in terms of electrochemical and physico-chemical properties, and the nature of high-temperature corrosion of BDD electrodes should be considered irreversible.

  • High-Temperature Structural and Electrical Properties of BaLnCo2O6 Positrodes
    • Iga Szpunar
    • Ragnar Strandbakke
    • Magnus H. Sorby
    • Sebastian Wachowski
    • Maria Balaguer
    • Mateusz Tarach
    • José M Serra
    • Agnieszka Witkowska
    • Ewa Dzik
    • Truls Norby
    • Maria Gazda
    • Aleksandra Mielewczyk-Gryń
    2020 Pełny tekst Materials

    The application of double perovskite cobaltites BaLnCo2O6−δ (Ln = lanthanide element) in electrochemical devices for energy conversion requires control of their properties at operating conditions. This work presents a study of a series of BaLnCo2O6−δ (Ln = La, Pr, Nd) with a focus on the evolution of structural and electrical properties with temperature. Symmetry, oxygen non-stoichiometry, and cobalt valence state have been examined by means of Synchrotron Radiation Powder X-ray Diffraction (SR-PXD), thermogravimetry (TG), and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS). The results indicate that all three compositions maintain mainly orthorhombic structure from RT to 1000 °C. Chemical expansion from Co reduction and formation of oxygen vacancies is observed and characterized above 350 °C. Following XAS experiments, the high spin of Co was ascertained in the whole range of temperatures for BLC, BPC, and BNC.

  • Historia rozwoju trakcji elektrycznej i jej obecność na Politechnice Gdańskiej
    • Jacek Skibicki
    2020 Pełny tekst Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziału Elektrotechniki i Automatyki Politechniki Gdańskiej

    W artykule przedstawiono zarys historii trakcji elektrycznej w świetle obecności i rozwoju tej dyscypliny na Politechnice Gdańskiej. Szczególnie skupiono się na rozwoju transportu zelektryfikowanego w rejonie Pomorza Gdańskiego z perspektywy prac wykonywanych przez pracowników Wydziału Elektrotechniki i Automatyki Politechniki Gdańskiej.

  • HISTORY OF INITIAL ENERGY AND WATER NETWORK DEVELOPMENT IN QATAR
    • Mohd Zaman
    • Marek Olesz
    2020 Pełny tekst Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziału Elektrotechniki i Automatyki Politechniki Gdańskiej

    Qatar: A country which had to be associated with neighboring countries like UAE or Saudi Arabia for people to know about it, stands proud today due to the ample production and exporting of Black Gold. A country with almost no vegetation or suitable weather to harvest crops, turned from being heavily dependent on trading Pearls to exporting natural oil and gas to all over the globe. The paper outlines in details the history of the development of Energy sector in the State of Qatar. Being under British protection around the Arabian sea and Ottoman Empire from Land, there was not much of interest in this region. However, the scenario changed drastically after the discovery of Oil in 1938. Being able to produce and export the oil in huge quantity, it took Qatar less than 40 years to transform its energy sector totally. The paper describes these post oil discovery developments in the energy sector of the State of Qatar and links History to the Present.

  • Homoclinics for singular strong force Lagrangian systems
    • Marek Izydorek
    • Joanna Janczewska
    • Jean Mawhin
    2020 Pełny tekst Advances in Nonlinear Analysis

    We study the existence of homoclinic solutions for a class of generalized Lagrangian systems in the plane, with a C1-smooth potential with a single well of infinite depth at a point ξ and a unique strict global maximum 0 at the origin.Under a strong force condition around the singular point ξ, via minimization of an action integral, we will prove the existence of at least two geometrically distinct homoclinic solutions.

  • Homoleptic mono-, di-, and tetra-iron complexes featuring phosphido ligands: a synthetic, structural, and spectroscopic study
    • Kinga Kaniewska
    • Łukasz Ponikiewski
    • Natalia Szynkiewicz
    • Bartłomiej Cieślik
    • Jerzy Pikies
    • J. Krzystek
    • Alina Dragulescu-Andrasi
    • Sebastian Stoian
    • Rafał Grubba
    2020 Pełny tekst DALTON TRANSACTIONS

    We report the first series of homoleptic phosphido iron complexes synthesized by treating either the β-diketiminato complex [(Dippnacnac)FeCl2Li(dme)2] (Dippnacnac = HC[(CMe)N(C6H3-2,6-iPr2)]2) or [FeBr2(thf )2] with an excess of phosphides R2PLi (R = tBu, tBuPh, Cy, iPr). Reaction outcomes depend strongly on the bulkiness of the phosphido ligands. The use of tBu2PLi precursor led to an anionic diiron complex 1 encompassing a planar Fe2P2 core with two bridging and two terminal phosphido ligands. An analogous reaction employing less sterically demanding phosphides, tBuPhPLi and Cy2PLi yielded diiron anionic complexes 2 and 3, respectively, featuring a short Fe–Fe interaction supported by three bridging phosphido groups and one additional terminal R2P− ligand at each iron center. Further tuning of the P-substrates bulkiness gave a neutral phosphido complex 4 possessing a tetrahedral Fe4 cluster core held together by six bridging iPr2P moieties. Moreover, we also describe the first homoleptic phosphanylphosphido iron complex 5, which features an iron center with low coordination provided by three tBu2P-P(SiMe3)− ligands. The structures of compounds 1–5 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and 1–3 by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Moreover, the electronic structures of 1–3 were interrogated using zero-field Mössbauer spectroscopy and DFT methods.

  • Horyzontem II za koło polarne – arktyczna wyprawa polarna naukowców z Politechniki Gdańskiej
    • Klaudia Kosek
    • Małgorzata Szopińska
    • Joanna Potapowicz
    2020 Pełny tekst Pismo PG

    W dniach od 24 sierpnia do 17 września 2020 roku dr inż. Klaudia Kosek (WILiŚ), dr inż. Małgorzata Szopińska (WILiŚ) oraz mgr inż. Joanna Potapowicz (WCh) uczestniczyły w 43. Wyprawie Polarnej Instytutu Geofizyki PAN. Ekspedycja naukowa ujęta była w programie badawczym zawartym w projekcie grantowym Preludium (nr 2017/25/N/NZ9/01506), finansowanym przez Narodowe Centrum Nauki, pt. „Oznaczanie składników odżywczych, będących podstawowym czynnikiem umożliwiającym wzrost bakteriocenozy w zlewni rzeki arktycznej południowo-zachodniego Spitsbergenu”, którego kierownikiem jest dr inż. Klaudia Kosek.

  • How can Systems Thinking Help Us Handling the COVID-19 Crisis?
    • Krzysztof Zięba
    2020 Pełny tekst

    Purpose: COVID-19 pandemic outbreak remains one of the most influential events in the global economy over the recent years. While being primarily public health-related, it has a tremendous impact on many other aspects, such as public transport, education, and business management. Many businesses were forced to introduce rapid changes to their business models in order to survive. The aim of this paper is to show the complexity and inter-relations of changes triggered by COVID-19 outbreak. Understanding of this complexity is crucial for developing business resilience to similar events in the future. Methodology: The paper uses Systems Thinking approach to analyse influence of COVID-19 pandemic on business operations. Causal loop diagrams are used to show the complicated mechanisms behind the impact of pandemic on several aspects of business operation and management. Findings: Causal loop diagrams indicate that complicated relations between various elements may produce surprising and unexpected outcomes. The existing delays may result in actions bringing counterintuitive results. Perceptions of some variables play more important roles than actual variables and it often requires more than one actor to solve a particular problem – hence the need for organisational, as well as social learning. Adaptive business management may prove to be a particular challenge for small business owners. Research limitations: The paper is mostly of a conceptual nature. Causal loop diagrams require extensive data in order to be transformed into full Systems Thinking models. Hence this paper may serve as a basis for further development. Practical implications: The paper provides useful insights into the complex nature of contemporary business operation and management in the wake of a major epidemiological crisis. It may contribute to a better understanding of important factors that often tend to be disregarded and not paid enough attention to by business owners/managers. Originality/value: The paper links one of the major current challenges for the global economy with Systems Thinking, which offers a holistic perspective on business operation and management with emphasis on linkages and interactions between numerous stakeholders involved. It offers food for thought not only for academics, but also to business owners/managers, aware of the complexity of contemporary world

  • How does stakeholder pressure influence CSR-practices? A construction industry model based on a European sample
    • Rafał Kowalczyk
    2020 Pełny tekst

    The stakeholder pressure is one of the most vital powers which determines CSR implementation and can provide organizations with the motivation to adopt corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy, as the stakeholder theory claims. The current investigation replications Kowalczyk’s (2019) study, who examined the same structure of relations based on the Polish sample. The essence of this replication is to find out whether CSR- practice is driven by ‘stakeholder pressure’ and ‘CSR-company culture’ vary when controlled by selected European countries or not. Namely, a 'European model of CSR-practice' is embedded in the European culture, or it does not exist (yet). Some earlier studies suggest that sociocultural context matters when it comes to CSR-practice. Therefore, this study aims to check how intensively European cultural context affects organizational cultural context and stakeholder pressure when influencing CSR-practices in the construction industry by employing a sample composed of selected European countries. Kowalczyk’s (2019) model was then replicated based on a convenience sample composed of 282 cases from five European countries. The structural equation modeling method (SEM) was applied to analyze data and verify hypotheses. The findings confirmed that stakeholder pressure is the most substantial influence of power on CSR-practices. Moreover, although the current study proves that CSR practice differs depending on its implementation, it does not present all aspects of the potential differences. Further, deeper research is required to understand it better.