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Bandwidth-Controllable Third-Order Band Pass Filter Using Substrate Integrated Full- and Semi-Circular Cavities
- Nrusingha Pradhan
- Adam Kozieł
- Rusan Kumar Barik
- Anna Pietrenko-Dąbrowska
2023 Pełny tekst SENSORS
The article presents a novel circular substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) bandpass filter (BPF) with controllable bandwidth. The proposed BPF is configured using two microstrip feedlines, semi- circular SIW cavities, capacitive slots, and inductive vias. The circular cavity is bisected into two halves, with the two copies thereof being cascaded. Two bisected and cascaded structures obtained this way are subsequently connected back-to-back. Finally, by introducing two inductive vias to the circular center cavity, a transmission zero is generated. In order to examine the design concept, a coupling matrix is generated. To demonstrate the theory a third-order BPF is realized, fabricated, and experimentally validated. The BPF prototype features a wide passband of 8.7 %, a low insertion loss of 1.1 dB, and a stopband of 1.5 f0 with a rejection level better than 20 dB.
Battery Technologies in Electric Vehicles: Improvements in Electric Battery Packs
- Parham Mohseni
- Oleksandr Husev
- Dmitri Vinnikov
- Ryszard Strzelecki
- Enrique Romero-Cadaval
- Igor Tokarski
2023 IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine
Restrictions on fossil fuels and related environmental pollution issues motivate many organizations and countries to set their focus on electric vehicles (EVs) rather than conventional internal combustion engine vehicles [1], [2]. EVs require an energy storage system to store converted electric power in another form of energy and then reconvert the stored energy to electric power whenever it is required. The energy stored can be converted to electric energy for various uses, such as movement, lighting, and heating (although accessories are supplied by a 12-V auxiliary battery; the auxiliary battery is supplied by the main battery pack or by recuperative energy). Fortunately, many electrical energy storage technologies are available, with some offered commercially while others are in the research and development stage [3], [4]. Electrochemical energy storage systems use various technologies. Energy storage systems, the heart of EVs, are composed of battery cells, battery modules, and a battery pack. Researchers work on various sections of battery packs to improve their performance [7]. These sections are illustrated in Figure 1. As shown in the figure, some EV battery technology developers are studying chemical materials to increase the capacity, power, energy density, safety, and cell voltage. In the past century, the most common batteries for EV applications were Pb–acid and Ni-based batteries [8]. In current use, Li-ion-based batteries are at the top.
BAZYLIKA pw. ŚW. MIKOŁAJA W GDAŃSKU. PRZYKŁAD MONITORINGU I DIAGNOSTYKI ZABYTKOWYCH OBIEKTÓW KUBATUROWYCH
- Maciej Niedostatkiewicz
- Tomasz Majewski
2023
W artykule opisano przypadek monitorowania stanu technicznego zabytkowego budynku sakralnego po wystąpieniu awarii oraz w trakcie prowadzenia prac remontowych. W celu monitorowania stanu budynku, bezpiecznego prowadzenia prac diagnostycznych, rozpoznania przyczyn awarii oraz bezpiecznego prowadzenia prac remontowych opracowano szczegółowy Program monitorowania obiektu, który został wdrożony do realizacji, funkcjonuje i stanowi źródło cennych danych wykorzystywanych do oceny aktualnego stanu obiektu.
Bending analysis of functionally graded nanoplates based on a higher-order shear deformation theory using dynamic relaxation method
- M. E. Golmakani
- Mohammad Malikan
- S. Golshani Pour
- Victor Eremeev
2023 Pełny tekst CONTINUUM MECHANICS AND THERMODYNAMICS
In this paper, bending analysis of rectangular functionally graded (FG) nanoplates under a uniform transverse load has been considered based on the modified couple stress theory. Using Hamilton’s principle, governing equations are derived based on a higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT). The set of coupled equations are solved using the dynamic relaxation (DR) method combined with finite difference (FD) discretization technique for clamped and simply-supported boundary conditions. Finally, the effects of aspect ratio, thickness-to-length ratio, transverse load, boundary conditions, and length scale parameter are studied in detail. The results showed that by rising the length scale-to-thickness ratio, the influence of the grading index on the deflection decreased.
Bending Moment Control and Weight Optimization in Space Structures by Adding Extra Members in the Optimal Locations
- Ahmed Manguri
- Najmadeen Saeed
- Marcin Szczepański
- Robert Jankowski
2023 Pełny tekst Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal
This paper investigates the reduction of bending moment in critical members by adding some extra members in the optimum location. Instead of enlarging the size of members to resist the moment, eight additional members are added in the optimum location to reduce the bending moment in the critical members. The total weight of the proposed structure with extra members is less than that of the original structure that resists the induced bending moment. Moreover, the location of the additional bars significantly reduces the nodal displacements. This paper investigates the effect of placing extra members on vertically and/or horizontally loaded egg-shaped single-layer frames. An egg-shaped structure is designed based on the maximum induced moment; in such frames, the bending moment is the dominant internal force. Then some extra members are suggested to be added to the structure to reduce the maximum bending moment to the lowest possible value; thus, the designed cross-sectional area is minimized. Furthermore, the optimized structure’s total weight and shape deformation is less than the ordinary structure’s. The study results show that the extra bars’ location depends on the loadings’ direction. Moreover, the weight of the horizontally loaded egg-shaped structure can be optimized by up to 28%. The results were verified by MATLAB and SAP2000 software
Benzophosphol-3-yl Triflates as Precursors of 1,3-Diarylbenzophosphole Oxides
- Agnieszka Brzyska
- Sebastian Majewski
- Łukasz Ponikiewski
- Monika Zubik-duda
- Agnieszka Lipke
- Agnieszka Gładysz-płaska
- Sylwia Sowa
2023 Pełny tekst JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Asimplemethodforthesynthesisof3-arylbenzophospholeoxidesunderSuzuki−Miyauracouplingconditionshasbeenpresented.Itemploysbenzophosphol-3-yltriflatestartingmaterialswhich,priortoourwork,hadnotbeenusedforthesynthesisof3-arylbenzophospholeoxides.Thereactionsproceedover24handprovidealibraryof3-arylbenzophospholeoxides.Thesyntheticaccesstothebenzophosphol-3-yltriflateshasbeenimproved.Thepreliminaryphotophysicalpropertiesofsome3-arylbenzophospholeoxideshavebeeninvestigatedbyabsorptionandemissionmeasurements.Thetheoreticalcalculationswereperformedtoestablishstructure−propertyrelationships.
Between therapy effect and false-positive result in animal experimentation
- Paweł Sosnowski
- Piotr Sass
- Anna Stanisławska-Sachadyn
- Michał Krzemiński
- Paweł Sachadyn
2023 Pełny tekst BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
Despite the animal models’ complexity, researchers tend to reduce the number of animals in experiments for expenses and ethical concerns. This tendency makes the risk of false-positive results, as statistical significance, the primary criterion to validate findings, often fails if testing small samples. This study aims to highlight such risks using an example from experimental regenerative therapy and propose a machine-learning solution to validate treatment effects. The example analysed was the pharmacological treatment of ear pinna punch wound healing in mice. Wound closure data analysed included eight groups treated with an epigenetic inhibitor, zebularine, and eight control groups receiving vehicle alone, of six mice each. We confirmed the zebularine healing effect for all 64 pairwise comparisons between treatment and control groups but also determined minor yet statistically significant differences between control groups in five of 28 possible comparisons. The occurrences of significant differences between the control groups, regardless of standardised experimental conditions, indicate a risk of statistically significant effects in the case a compound lacking the desired biological activity is tested. Since the criterion of statistical significance itself can be confusing, we demonstrate a machine-learning algorithm trained on datasets representing treatment and control experiments as a helpful tool for validating treatment outcomes. We tested two machine-learning approaches, Naïve Bayes and Support Vector Machine classifiers. In contrast to the Mann-Whitney U-test, indicating enhanced healing effects for some control groups receiving saline alone, both machine-learning algorithms faultlessly assigned all animal groups receiving saline to the controls.
Beyond Antioxidant Activity: Redox Properties of Catechins May Affect Changes in the DNA Methylation Profile—The Example of SRXN1 Gene
- Patrycja Jakubek
- Rajic Jovana
- Monika Baranowska
- Klaudia Suliborska
- Mateusz Heldt
- Karol Dziedziul
- Melita Vidaković
- Jacek Namieśnik
- Agnieszka Bartoszek-Pączkowska
2023 Pełny tekst Antioxidants
The role of catechins in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression has been widely studied; however, if and how this phenomenon relates to the redox properties of these polyphenols remains unknown. Our earlier study demonstrated that exposure of the human colon adenocarcinoma HT29 cell line to these antioxidants affects the expression of redox-related genes. In particular, treatment with (−)-epigallocatechin (EGC) downregulated transcription of gene encoding sulfiredoxin-1 (SRXN1), the peroxidase involved in the protection of cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the observed SRXN1 downregulation was accompanied by changes in the DNA methylation level of its promoter and, if so, whether it was correlated with the redox properties of catechins. The impact on DNA methylation profile in HT29 cells treated with different concentrations of five catechins, varying in chemical structures and standard reduction potentials as well as susceptibility to oxidation, was monitored by a methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting technique employing the SRXN1 promoter region as a model target. We demonstrated that catechins, indeed, are able to modulate DNA methylation of the SRXN1 gene in a redox-related manner. The nonlinear method in the statistical analysis made it possible to fish out two parameters (charge transfer in oxidation process Qox and time of electron transfer t), whose strong interactions correlated with observed modulation of DNA methylation by catechins. Based on these findings, we present a proof-of-concept that DNA methylation, which limits SRXN1 expression and thus restricts the multidirectional antioxidant action of SRXN1, may represent a mechanism protecting cells against reductive stress caused by particularly fast-reacting reductants such as EGC and (−)-epicatechin gallate (ECG) in our study.
BEZPIECZEŃSTWO PRACY SYSTEMU ELEKTROENERGETYCZNEGO - WSTĘP
- Paweł Bućko
2023
Wstęp omawia pięć kolejnych rozdziałów, o różnym poziomie szczegółowości, odnoszących się głównie do problemów bezpieczeństwa pracy i poprawy niezawodności pracy systemów elektroenergetycznych. Odniesiono się do aktualnych problemów w systemach energetycznych oraz podkreślono aspekt praktyczny rozważanych zagadnień.
Bi-based halide perovskites: Stability and opportunities in the photocatalytic approach for hydrogen evolution
- Magdalena Miodyńska
- Tomasz Klimczuk
- Wojciech Lisowski
- Adriana Zaleska-Medynska
2023 Pełny tekst CATALYSIS COMMUNICATIONS
In this study, we successfully prepared Bi-based single perovskites of the A3Bi2I9 type (A = Cs, Rb, MA, FA), and, for the first time, attempted to experimentally obtain double perovskites Cs2B’BiI6 type (B′ = Ag, Au, In, Cu). Despite the premises available in theoretical studies, our research has proven the impossibility of the existence of double perovskites of this type. Nevertheless, both types of obtained materials were subjected to detailed analysis of their physicochemical features and photocatalytic abilities in the hydrogen evolution reaction. This study proved the stability of the Cs3Bi2I9 in HI electrolyte compared to the methanolic solution, with this phenomenon resulting in almost 36 times higher photoactivity.
Bibliometric analysis and literature review of ultrasound-assisted degradation of organic pollutants
- Luyao Wang
- Dan Luo
- Oualid Hamdaoui
- Yasser Vasseghian
- Malwina Momotko
- Grzegorz Boczkaj
- George Z. Kyzas
- Chongqing Wang
2023 SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Ultrasound as a clean, efficient, and cheap technique gains special attention in wastewater treatment. Ultrasound alone or coupled with hybrid processes have been widely studied for the treatment of pollutants in wastewater. Thus, it is essential to conduct a review about the research development and trends on this emerging technique. This work presents a bibliometric analysis of the topic associated with multiple tools such as Bibliometrix package, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer. The literature sources from 2000 to 2021 were collected from Web of Science database, and the data of 1781 documents were selected for bibliometric analysis in respect to publication trends, subject categories, journals, authors, institutions, as well as countries. Detailed analysis of keywords in respect to co-occurrence network, keyword clusters, and citation bursts was conducted to reveal the research hotspot and future directions. The development of the topic can be divided into three stages, and the rapid development begins from 2014. The leading subject category is Chemistry Multidisciplinary, followed by Environmental Sciences, Engineering Chemical, Engineering Environmental, Chemistry Physical, and Acoustics, and there exists difference in the publications of different categories. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry is the most productive journal (14.75 %). China is the leading country (30.26 %), followed by Iran (15.67 %) and India (12.35 %). The top 3 authors are Parag Gogate, Oualid Hamdaoui, and Masoud Salavati-Niasari. There exists close cooperation between countries and researchers. Analysis of highly cited papers and keywords gives a better understanding of the topic. Ultrasound can be employed to assist various processes such as Fenton-like process, electrochemical process, and photocatalysis for degradation of emerging organic pollutants for wastewater treatment. Research topics in this field evolve from typical studies on ultrasonic assisted degradation to latest studies on hybrid processes including photocatalysis for pollutants degradation. Additionally, ultrasound-assisted synthesis of nanocomposite photocatalysts receives increasing attention. The potential research directions include sonochemistry in pollutant removal, hydrodynamic cavitation, ultrasound-assisted Fenton or persulfate processes, electrochemical oxidation, and photocatalytic process.
Bilansowanie lokalne w systemie elektroenergetycznym
- Paweł Bućko
2023 Rynek Energii
Wprowadzenie rozliczeń rynkowych w handlu energią elektryczną wymusiło nowe podejście do krótkookresowego bilansowania energii w systemie elektroenergetycznym. Dla sprawnego funkcjonowania handlu energią, konieczne było wprowadzenie Rynku Bilansującego, łączącego realizację zadań technicznych i handlowych. Obecnie bilansowanie systemu rozwiązywane jest ogólnosystemowo. Decentralizacja procesu wytwarzania energii, rozwój niespokojnych źródeł odnawialnych, zwiększona rola prosumentów i stopniowa zmiana funkcji systemowej tzw. sieci dystrybucyjnych, powodują konieczność nowego podejścia do bilansowania systemu. Idą za tym nie tylko wyzwania techniczne, ale także organizacyjne i handlowe.
Billiard in a rotating half-plane
- Sergey Kryzhevich
- Alexander Plakhov
2023 Pełny tekst JOURNAL OF DYNAMICAL AND CONTROL SYSTEMS
The main objective of this research is to study the properties of a billiard system in an unbounded domain with moving boundary. We consider a system consisting of an infinite rod (a straight line) and a ball (a massless point) on the plane. The rod rotates uniformly around one of its points and experiences elastic collisions with the ball. We define a mathematical model for the dynamics of such a system and write down asymptotic formulae for its motions. In particular, we determine existence and uniqueness of solutions. We find all possible grazing impacts of the ball. Besides, we demonstrate that for almost every initial condition, the ball goes to infinity exponentially fast, with the time intervals between neighboring collisions tending to zero. The approach developed in this paper is an original combination of methods of Billiards and Vibro-Impact Dynamics. It could be a base for studying more complicated systems of similar types.
Bimetallic Bi/Cu0-catalyzed persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes towards clofibric acid degradation in wastewater
- Jibran Iqbal
- Noor S. Shah
- Javed Ali
- Mohamed A. Habila
- Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Asam Shad
- Yousef Nazzal
- Ahmed A. Al-Taani
- Fares Howari
2023 Pełny tekst Water Resources and Industry
Clofibric acid (CFA), an important blood-lipid regulatory drug is an emerging organic pollutant and widely reported in water resources. A novel bimetallic, bismuth/zero valent cupper (Bi/Cu0) catalyst was prepared which showed better physiological, structural, and catalytic properties than Cu0. The Bi/Cu0 effectively catalyzed persulfate (S2O82−) and caused 85% degradation of CFA. The Bi coupling improved reusability and stability of Cu0. The use of alcoholic and anionic radical scavengers and analyzing change in [S2O82−]0 proved that Bi/Cu0/S2O82− yield hydroxyl radicals (●OH) and sulfate radicals (SO4●–). The ●OH and SO4●– showed faster reaction with CFA, i.e., 4.65 109 and 3.82 109 M−1 s−1 and degraded CFA into four degradation products. Under optimal conditions of [Bi/Cu0]0 = 1.0 g/L and [S2O82−]0 = 40 mg/L, 99.5% degradation of the 10 mg/L of CFA was achieved at 65 min. Temperature showed promising effects on the removal of CFA by Bi/Cu0/S2O82− and caused 98% removal at 323 K than 75% at 298 K at 32 min. The temperature effects were used to calculate activation energy, enthalpy, and rate constant of CFA degradation. The Bi/Cu0/S2O82− showed effective removal of CFA in real water samples also. The ecotoxicity study confirmed non-toxic product formation which suggests high capability of the proposed technology in the treatment of CFA.
Bimodal Emotion Recognition Based on Vocal and Facial Features
- Mateusz Woźniak
- Michał Sakowicz
- Kacper Ledwosiński
- Jakub Rzepkowski
- Paweł Czapla
- Szymon Zaporowski
2023 Pełny tekst
Emotion recognition is a crucial aspect of human communication, with applications in fields such as psychology, education, and healthcare. Identifying emotions accurately is challenging, as people use a variety of signals to express and perceive emotions. In this study, we address the problem of multimodal emotion recognition using both audio and video signals, to develop a robust and reliable system that can recognize emotions even when one modality is absent. To achieve this goal, we propose a novel architecture based on well-designed feature extractors for each modality and use model-level fusion based on a TFusion block to combine the information from both sources. To be more efficient in real-world scenarios, we trained our model on a compound dataset consisting of RAVDESS, RML, and eNTERFACE'05. It is then evaluated and compared to the state-of-the-art models. We find that our approach performs close to the modern solutions and can recognize emotions accurately when one of the modalities is missing. Additionally, we have developed a real-time emotion recognition application as a part of this work.
Bioactive Ingredients with Health-Promoting Properties of Strawberry Fruit (Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne)
- Joanna Newereli-Guz
- Maria Śmiechowska
- Alicja Drzewiecka
- Robert Tylingo
2023 Pełny tekst MOLECULES
Strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne) belong to the berry group and are characterized primarily by delightful sensory properties. Due to their chemical composition, these fruits are a rich source of bioactive compounds that can modify the metabolic and physiological functions of the body. The aim of this work is to present the current state of research on bioactive ingredients found in these fruits in the context of their health-promoting properties. The paper presents compiled and reviewed data on the content of polyphenolic compounds, organic acids, and vitamins, especially vitamin C, in strawberries. The content of these compounds is influenced by many different factors that are discussed in the paper. It also draws attention to the presence of oxalates and allergenic compounds, which are classified as anti-nutritional compounds of strawberries.
Biochemical assays of intensified methane content in biogas from low-temperature processing of waste activated sludge
- Archana Kasinath
- Hubert Byliński
- Wojciech Artichowicz
- Anna Remiszewska-Skwarek
- Małgorzata Szopińska
- Ewa Zaborowska
- Aneta Łuczkiewicz
- Sylwia Fudala-Książek
2023 ENERGY
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is implemented as an important ‘waste to energy’ approach for converting organic-rich byproducts such as sewage sludge into biogas and nutrient-rich digestate. Sewage sludge consists of primary sludge and waste activated sludge (WAS), and low biodegradability of WAS limits methane production. This study presents the influence of the low-temperature pretreatment (LT-PT) of WAS on the efficiency of AD. Different conditions of LT-PT process were tested in terms of temperature (45 °C/50 °C/55 °C/60 °C) and exposure time (24h/48h). LT-PT caused the increase of biomethane potential, which was even 43% higher if compared with the untreated WAS; 90% of all methane production was reached between 6 and 12 day of the LT-PT process. The highest improvements were observed in samples pretreated at 55 °C and 60 °C for 48 h (198.8 ± 5.5 NmL CH4/g VS and 194.3 ± 4.2 NmL CH4/g VS, respectively). Changes in the microbial community during LT-PT of WAS showed an oxygen-driven decrease among the predominant phyla except for Firmicutes. Taxonomic diversity and numerous rare taxa with the potential for functional compensation were observed. It was also proved that AD of pretreated WAS, combined with the heat recovery, achieved a positive net energy balance (improved by over 40%) and better energy performance, than AD without LT-PT.
Biocompatibility and potential functionality of lanthanum-substituted cobalt ferrite spinels
- Paweł Pęczkowski
- Elżbieta Szostak
- Ewa Pocheć
- Jan Michalik
- Jarosław Piętosa
- Tarek Tahraoui
- Maciej Łuszczek
- Łukasz Gondek
2023 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
Bulk and nanostructurized lanthanum-cobalt spinels have attracted a lot of interest from researchers, due to their unique physical and chemical properties as well as functionalities, which are interesting for biomedical and electronic industries. In this manuscript we show that introducing small lanthanum (La3+) content can tune magnetic, electronic and cytotoxic properties of the CoFe2− xLaxO4 system (x ≤ 0.1). The mechanisms of the tuning are comprehensively studied by theoretical electronic structure calculations; spectroscopic methods (FTIR, Mo¨ssbauer, XAS); structural and microstructural research; magnetometry; and cytotoxic viabilities of normal and cancer cells. It was found that the mechanism originate mainly from the complex exchange interaction of the 3d states of cations with 2p states of oxygen caused by mixing of the metals over the tetragonal and octahedral positions. For synthesized CoFe2− xLaxO4 nanoparticles (NPs) in vitro studies of toxicity on the tested cell lines (human Hs27 fibroblasts, A375 melanoma, Nthy-ori 3-1 thyrocytes, and FTC-133 thyroid cancer cells) revealed that CoFe2− xLaxO4 NPs have high impact on cancer cells, while their toxicity towards normal cells is significantly lower. Along to soft magnetic properties this is a key factor for functionalization.
Biological processes modelling for MBR systems: A review of the state-of-the-art focusing on SMP and EPS
- Giorgio Mannina
- Bing-Jie Ni
- Jacek Mąkinia
- Jerome Hermand
- Marion Alliet
- Christoph Brepols
- María Victoria Ruano
- Angel Robles
- Marc Heran
- Hazal Gulhan
- Ignasi Rodriguez-Roda
- Joaquim Comas
2023 WATER RESEARCH
A mathematical correlation between biomass kinetic and membrane fouling can improve the understanding and spread of Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) technology, especially in solving the membrane fouling issues. On this behalf, this paper, produced by the International Water Association (IWA) Task Group on Membrane modelling and control, reviews the current state-of-the-art regarding the modelling of kinetic processes of biomass, focusing on modelling production and utilization of soluble microbial products (SMP) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The key findings of this work show that the new conceptual approaches focus on the role of different bacterial groups in the formation and degradation of SMP/EPS. Even though several studies have been published regarding SMP modelling, there still needs to be more information due to the highly complicated SMP nature to facilitate the accurate modelling of membrane fouling. The EPS group has seldom been addressed in the literature, probably due to the knowledge deficiency concerning the triggers for production and degradation pathways in MBR systems, which require further efforts. Finally, the successful model applications showed that proper estimation of SMP and EPS by modelling approaches could optimise membrane fouling, which can influence the MBR energy consumption, operating costs, and greenhouse gas emissions.
Biological properties of chitosan/Eudragit E 100 and chitosan/poly(4-vinylpyridine) coatings electrophoretically deposited on AgNPs-decorated titanium substrate
- Łukasz Pawłowski
- Muhammad Asim Akhtar
- Andrzej Zieliński
- Aldo R. Boccaccini
2023 MATERIALS LETTERS
The objective of the study was the determination of the response, in contact with human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells, of electrophoretically deposited coatings composed of chitosan (CS), Eudragit E 100 (EE100), or poly(4- vinylpyridine) (P4VP) on a silver nanoparticle (AgNPs)-decorated titanium substrate. Before deposition, the substrate was coated with silver by electro-reduction of silver nitrate. The coatings deposition was carried out in suspensions containing 0.1 % (w/w) of one of the biopolymers, EE100 or P4VP, with 0.1 % (w/w) of CS for 10 V and 1 min. Biopolymer coatings were successfully deposited while maintaining high uniformity. The deposited silver did not cause cytotoxicity. The biological study revealed that when compared to CS/P4VP, CS/EE100 coating performed better and showed a decrease in MG-63 cell viability only after three days of testing.