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  • Programmes to Combat the Economic Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Kazakhstan and Ukraine and Unemployment
    • Krystyna Gomółka
    2023 Pełny tekst International Journal of Social Science

    The following article presents economic programmes to combat the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysed programmes were undertaken by the governments of Ukraine and Kazakhstan. They contributed to reducing unemployment in both countries. The findings of Ukrainian researchers focused mainly on estimating losses in the SME sector, especially in the hotel, tourism and transport sectors. Scientific literature in Kazakhstan has focused on examining the effects of the government program to counteract the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially from the labour market perspective (employees). The methods used in the paper include literature studies, analysis of government programmes in the combat against the economic effects of the pandemic and comparative analysis of statistical data of employed and unemployed people in Ukraine and Kazakhstan. The article focuses on identifying the countermeasures undertaken by the governments of Kazakhstan and Ukraine aimed at entrepreneurs and employees. The author also assessed the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the labour market, mainly in terms of unemployment. In the Ukrainian government programme, the main emphasis was placed on supporting entrepreneurs and the self-employed. The government also provided tax preferences, loan grace periods, financial support for enterprises that limited or stopped performance during the pandemic, and special financial assistance for agribusiness. The programme of the Kazakh government was addressed to entrepreneurs, self-employed and employees. The implementation of the programme in Kazakhstan did not encounter any difficulties, while in Ukraine the local authorities did not comply with the decisions of the central authorities. The closure of many businesses or reductions in working hours contributed to rising unemployment in both countries. Kazakhstan was in a more favourable situation, where a small and short-term increase in unemployment was recorded during the COVID-19 pandemic period. In Ukraine, the decline in employment in all sectors of the economy was much greater than in Kazakhstan and meant a significant increase in unemployment.

  • Project-Based Collaborative Research and Training Roadmap for Manufacturing Based on Industry 4.0
    • Marek Chodnicki
    • Mariusz Deja
    • George-Ch. Vosniakos
    • Panorios Benardos
    • Lihui Wang
    • Robert Reimann
    2023

    The importance of the economy being up to date with the latest developments, such as Industry 4.0, is more evident than ever before. Successful implementation of Industry 4.0 principles requires close cooperation of industry and state authorities with universities. A paradigm of such cooperation is described in this paper stemming from university partners with partly overlapping and partly complementary areas of expertise in manufacturing. Specific areas that are targeted include Additive Manufacturing, cloud computing and control, Virtual Reality, Digital Twins, and Artificial Intelligence. The manufacturing system domains that are served pertaining to process planning and optimization, process and system monitoring, and innovative / precision manufacturing. The described collaborative research and training framework involves a combination of pertinent targeted individual exploratory innovation projects as well as a synthetic multifaceted common research project. Based on these, the research and innovation project knowledge will be transferred to the industry by building a Cluster of Excellence, i.e., a network consisting of academic and industrial stakeholders.

  • PROJEKT STANDARDÓW DOSTĘPNOŚCI DLA OSÓB ZE SZCZEGÓLNYMI POTRZEBAMI DO TRANSPORTOWYCH WĘZŁÓW PRZESIADKOWYCH
    • Romanika Okraszewska
    • Kazimierz Jamroz
    • Marek Wysocki
    • Jacek Szmagliński
    2023

    W artykule opisano projekt standardów dostępności zintegrowanych węzłów przesiadkowych, które zawierają spójne dla wszystkich elementów ZWP z uwzględnieniem potrzeb i wymagań osób ze szczególnymi potrzebami zasady projektowania, budowy i utrzymania oraz minimalne parametry kluczowych dla samodzielnej realizacji podróży przez osoby ze szczególnymi potrzebami rozwiązań i udogodnień. Przedstawione standardy zawierają zasady i wymagania w zakresie następujących tematów: charakterystyka i klasyfikacja zintegrowanych węzłów przesiadkowych i ich elementów, podstawowe wymagania dostępności do węzłów przesiadkowych, standardy dostępności dla systemu informacji w węźle przesiadkowym, standardy dostępności dla miejsc wymiany pasażerów w węzłach przesiadkowych, dostępności dla zewnętrznych tras dostępu, standardy dostępności dla terminali transportowych, zasad wyznaczania tras dostępu. Standardy dostępności są jednym z narzędzi systemu zarządzania dostępnością wypracowanego w ramach projektu „System zarządzania dostępnością zintegrowanych węzłów przesiadkowych” o akronimie „Przesiadka bez barier.”

  • Projektowanie, synteza i charakterystyka fotokatalizatorów nowej generacji na bazie związku Ti3C2Tx do usuwania aktywnych substancji farmaceutycznych
    • Anna Grzegórska
    2023 Pełny tekst

    Celem niniejszej pracy było zastosowanie materiałów nowej generacji na bazie związku Ti3C2Tx w procesach fotokatalitycznej degradacji aktywnych substancji farmaceutycznych: karbamazepiny, acetaminofenu i ibuprofenu. Zakres prac badawczych obejmował syntezę fotokatalizatorów, charakterystykę ich właściwości fizykochemicznych, oraz ocenę aktywności fotokatalitycznej. Przedstawiono możliwość zastosowania węglika tytanu jako kokatalizatora procesów fotokatalitycznych oraz prekursora do otrzymania kompozytu TiO2/Ti3C2. Ponadto zaproponowano metody modyfikacji kompozytów TiO2/Ti3C2 za pomocą metali takich jak żelazo i miedź oraz związku z grupy ferrytów spinelowych – MnFe2O4, celem poprawy ich właściwości. Modyfikacja powierzchni kompoztów za pomocą metali prowadziła do osiągnięcia wyższej aktywności fotokatalitycznej degradacji farmaceutyków w świetle UV-vis. Dzięki wprowadzeniu nanocząstek magnetycznych MnFe2O4 możliwa była efektywna separacja fotokatalizatora po procesie. Finalnie, synergizm degradacji substancji farmaceutycznych uzyskano w wyniku kombinacji procesu fotokatalizy z aktywacją nadtlenomonosiarczanu za pomocą Cu lub MnFe2O4, prowadzącą do wytworzenia reaktywnych rodników siarczanowych.

  • Projekty NFT i bariery ich wejścia na rynek
    • Sławomir Ostrowski
    • Krzysztof Molenda
    2023 Pełny tekst Studia i Prace Kolegium Zarządzania i Finansów

    Niniejsza praca traktuje o barierach wejścia na rynek dla projektów NFT. Porusza zagadnienia związane z kapitałochłonnością, regulacjami prawnymi, dostępem do wiedzy i patentów, a także ze zróżnicowaniem produktów i dostawców na rynku NFT. Celem pracy jest identyfikacja i opis barier wejścia, które napotykają nowe przedsiębiorstwa wchodzące na rynek. Autorzy przewidują, że wraz z rosnącym zainteresowaniem konsumentów wzrośnie zainteresowanie uruchomieniem projektów NFT przez przedsiębiorców, którzy będą mogli wykorzystać przedstawione wyniki, aby usprawnić swój proces wejścia z projektem NFT na rynek. Pierwszym etapem pracy jest wprowadzenie w podjętą problematykę, w którym autorzy wyjaśniają technologię blockchain oraz przedstawiają zarys sytuacji panującej na rynku NFT, która była motywacją do powstania niniejszego artykułu. W kolejnej części, bazując na studiach przypadków, autorzy omawiają pięć barier wejścia na rynek projektów NFT. W końcowej części natomiast przedstawione są wnioski, na podstawie których autorzy stwierdzają, że bariery wejścia na rynek NFT są małe i atrakcyjne dla przedsiębiorców, co wraz z napływem nowych konsumentów może wskazywać na rosnącą w niedalekiej przyszłości liczbę nowych projektów wypuszczanych na badany ryn

  • Propagation Characteristics of Partial Discharges in an Oil-Filled Power Transformer
    • Sayed Mohammad Kameli
    • Shady S. Refaat
    • Ali Ghrayeb
    • Haitham Abu-Rub
    • Jarosław Guziński
    2023

    Power transformers are among the most important assets in the power transmission and distribution grid. However, they suffer from degradation and possible faults causing major electrical and financial losses. Partial discharges (PDs) are used to identify the insulation health status and their degradation level. PDs are incipient, low-magnitude faults caused by localized dielectric breakdown. Those activities emit signals in many forms, including electrical, chemical, acoustic, electromagnetic, and optical, facilitating various detection methods. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the condition evaluation of an oil-filled power transformer and clarifies the relationship between the operating voltage, void location, and electric-field intensity within the void. This was achieved by investigating the propagation characteristics of partial discharge signals in an oil-filled power transformer using a 3D finite element method (FEM) based simulation. Moreover, the characterization of simulated PD sources at different positions is investigated in this paper. The simulation results are curried out to show that air voids near the windings are subject to greatest peak electric field intensity.

  • Properties of an innovative multi-functional finish for the improvement of indoor air quality
    • Chiara Giosuè
    • Mattia Pierpaoli
    • Costanzo di Perna
    • Barbara Citterio
    • Gianmarco Mangiaterra
    • Maria Letizia Ruello
    • Francesca Tittarelli
    2023 BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT

    Due to lifestyle changes, people spend most of their time indoors at present; thus, Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is a matter of utmost importance. Multi-functional and innovative finishes can help to passively improve the IAQ, benefitting the health and comfort of occupants. For this study, reference and pre-mixed commercial mortars are compared to a new multi-functional hydraulic lime mortar for indoor finishes, in which conventional aggregates are substituted by a highly porous adsorbent material and biomass waste ashes. The up to 20% higher accessible porosity of the multi-functional finish led to lower density (30%), higher thermal insulation properties (30%), higher water vapor permeability (more than 40%), and improved moisture buffering capacity (three times higher), when compared to the reference mortar. Different types of photocatalytic agents (TiO2) were also added into the new multi-functional hydraulic lime mortar, in order to investigate their effect on the de-polluting properties of the finish. Even if the photocatalytic efficiency remained unexpressed under indoor conditions, due to the predominance of the adsorption process, the de-polluting properties of the new mix were more than 30% higher than that of the reference mortar. The obtained results confirm that the developed innovative multi-functional finish—besides fulfilling the ordinary requirements—is better than commercial mortars, as it can improve the IAQ passively, thus benefitting the health and comfort of occupants.

  • Property-performance relationship of core-shell structured black TiO2 photocatalyst for environmental remediation
    • Sajjad Haider
    • Rab Nawaz
    • Muzammil Anjum
    • Tahir Haneef
    • Vipin Kumar Oad
    • Salah Uddinkhan
    • Rawaiz Khan
    • Muhammad Aqif
    2023 Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering

    Understanding the relationship between the properties and performance of black titanium dioxide with core-shell structure (CSBT) for environmental remediation is crucial for improving its prospects in practical applications. In this study, CSBT was synthesized using a glycerol-assisted sol-gel approach. The effect of different water-to-glycerol ratios (W:G = 1:0, 9:1, 2:1, and 1:1) on the semiconducting and physicochemical properties of CSBT was investigated. The effectiveness of CSBT in removing phenolic compounds (PHCs) from real agro-industrial wastewater was studied. The CSBT synthesized with a W:G ratio of 9:1 has optimized properties for enhanced removal of PHCs. It has a distinct core-shell structure and an appropriate amount of Ti3+ cations (11.18%), which play a crucial role in enhancing the performance of CSBT. When exposed to visible light, the CSBT performed better: 48.30% of PHCs were removed after 180 min, compared to only 21.95% for TiO2 without core-shell structure. The CSBT consumed only 45.5235 kWh/m3 of electrical energy per order of magnitude and cost $2.4127 per unit volume of treated agro-industrial wastewater. Under the conditions tested, the CSBT demonstrated exceptional stability and reusability. The CSBT showed promising results in the treatment of phenols-containing agro-industrial wastewater.

  • prospekt indywidualnej wystawy pt. ‘istota zamieszkiwania: relacje [nie]codzienne
    • Agnieszka Kurkowska
    2023

    Prospekt towarzyszący wystawie łączy dwie funkcje. Jest mini katalogiem i mapką: przewodnikiem po ekspozycji. Jego rola to wyjaśnienie procesu, którego element stanowią prezentowane rzeźby oraz zaproszenie odbiorcy we wszystkie miejsca, w których ulokowano obiekty. Taki przewodnik był konieczny, ponieważ niewielkie rzeźby usytuowane zostały w parku w nieoczywistych miejscach. Zgodnie z zamysłem twórczym upodabniają się do otoczenia, dla uzyskania spasowanie z miejscem. Prospekty dostępne są w trakcie trwania wystawy w budynku muzeum - w Spichlerzu Opackim.

  • Protection and renovation of public areas in a modernist city: the case of three streets in the historic City Centre of Gdynia
    • Robert Hirsch
    • Celina Łozowska
    2023 Pełny tekst Ochrona Dziedzictwa Kulturowego

    This article concerns issues related to the preservation and restoration of public space in Gdynia’s city centre, which was designed and built mainly in the 1920s and 1930s. In 2007, a major part of the city centre was entered into the register of monuments asa historic complex of urban architecture. Moreover, in 2015, the area was declared a Monument of History. Protection of a complex of urban architecture covers not only the renovation of historic buildings but also the protection of public spaces that comprise an integral partof the historic complex. Therefore, preservation of the historic shape and design of public space in the centre of Gdynia is one of the city’s key conservation tasks. Since protection of urban space in relatively young historic centres (less than a hundred years old) is a novel issue from the perspective of conservation, it is therefore worth analysing. Issues connected with the protection and restoration of public space in the centre of Gdynia are exemplified by three historic streets, built in the late 1920s and located within a historic complex entered into the register of monuments. They have been the subject of various investments in recent years. The streets differ in terms of their historic condition, renovation requirements, social expectations and investment plans. Already at the developmental stage of investments all these factors have led to different assumptions and approaches, bringing different results in each case.

  • Protein overproduction alters exosome secretion in Chinese hamster ovary cells
    • Aleksandra Steć
    • Monika Targońska
    • Edyta Karkosińska
    • Monika Słowik
    • Agata Płoska
    • Leszek Kalinowski
    • Bartosz Wielgomas
    • Krzysztof Waleron
    • Jacek Jasiecki
    • Szymon Dziomba
    2023 Pełny tekst ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

    Despite the abundance of available cell lines, nearly 70% of all recombinant therapeutic proteins today are produced in Chi-nese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The impact of protein overproduction on the secretion of exosomes by CHO cells has been investigated here. Increased secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) by protein overexpressing CHO cells was demonstrated with protein content assay, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and capillary electrophoresis. Our results revealed that a protein overproduction might induce EVs secretion, which might be accompanied by the sequestration and loading of overexpressed proteins into the exosomes. These findings are of vital importance for the manufacturing of therapeutics in CHO expres-sion systems due to the risk of product loss during downstream processing of culture medium as well as the application of exosomes as nanocarriers of therapeutic proteins. The study indicates also the importance of culturing process control.

  • Proteomic and Metabolomic Changes in Psoriasis Preclinical and Clinical Aspects
    • Adrianna Radulska
    • Iwona Pelikant-Malecka
    • Kamila Jendernalik
    • Iwona T. Dobrucki
    • Leszek Kalinowski
    2023 Pełny tekst INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

    Skin diseases such as psoriasis (Ps) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Overlap of autoinflammatory and autoimmune conditions hinders diagnoses and identifying personalized patient treatments due to different psoriasis subtypes and the lack of verified biomarkers. Recently, proteomics and metabolomics have been intensively investigated in a broad range of skin diseases with the main purpose of identifying proteins and small molecules involved in the pathogenesis and development of the disease. This review discusses proteomics and metabolomics strategies and their utility in research and clinical practice in psoriasis and psoriasis arthritis. We summarize the studies, from in vivo models conducted on animals through academic research to clinical trials, and highlight their contribution to the discovery of biomarkers and targets for biological drugs.

  • Proton conductivity in multi-component ABO4-type oxides
    • Ashraf A.A. Elameen
    • Arkadiusz Dawczak
    • Tadeusz Miruszewski
    • Maria Gazda
    • Sebastian Wachowski
    2023 Pełny tekst PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS

    This work investigates how configurational entropy in oxides could affect proton conductivity. For this purpose, three samples of different elemental compositions are synthesized. Five, six and seven elements were introduced into the A-site of ANbO4, forming La1/5 Nd1/5 Sm1/5Gd1/5 Eu1/5NbO4, La1/6Nd1/6Sm1/6Gd1/6Eu1/6Ho1/6NbO4 and La1/7Nd1/7Sm1/7Gd1/7Eu1/7Ho1/7Er1/7NbO4, respectively. The high configuration disorder changes the local environment, which can have a notable effect on many properties, including proton transport, which is the focus of this work. The conductivity was measured in different atmospheres; dry and wet and in a different temperature range (600–800 °C) to compare the proton transport as well as study the effect of temperature. A homogenous single-phase monoclinic fergusonite was obtained for the three samples. Proton conductivity, measured by means of comparing the conductivity in dry and wet atmospheres, was observed in all samples. La1/5 Nd1/5 Sm1/5Gd1/5 Eu1/5NbO4 exhibited the highest conductivity, about 3.0 × 10−6 S cm−1 at 800 °C in the wet atmosphere, while in the dry atmosphere it was about 2.2 × 10−6 S cm−1 at the same temperature, which implies a modest proton conductivity in this class of materials.

  • Proximal fibular osteotomy as a treatment for degenerative meniscal extrusion
    • Piotr Łuczkiewicz
    • Karol Daszkiewicz
    • Jarosław Dzierżanowski
    • Wojciech Witkowski
    2023 Pełny tekst MEDICAL HYPOTHESES

    Meniscal extrusion treatment is a key focus area for research and clinical study of degenerative knee pathology. The contact forces between the meniscus and the bones cause external displacements of the meniscus that are resisted by the circumferential fibres. The main risk factors for the excessive deformation of the meniscus are meniscal root tears, disruption of the circumferential fibres, knee malalignment and high body mass index. Prior research has shown meniscal extrusion to be a crucial determinant of successful procedures in knee osteoarthritis treatment. The characteristics of medial knee osteoarthritis are an increase in varus malalignment and the load transferred through the medial compartment. This is associated with greatest reduction of the joint space width over the medial meniscus body and an increase in contact forces acting on the meniscus, which results in increased extrusion of the medial meniscal body. Relocating the meniscus in its anatomic position restores the correct distribution of contact force across the knee joint, and prevents destruction of the cartilage. Thus, clinical and biomechanical research focus on improving surgical techniques that allow for diminished meniscal extrusion. Proximal fibula osteotomy is a relatively new technique which involves the removal of a 10 mm piece of fibula, 4–10 cm from the fibular head. This technique has been shown to reduce the knee-lever arm, load transferred through the medial compartment and increase the medial joint space width. We hypothesise that proximal fibular osteotomy could be an effective, simple, and minimally invasive treatment for degenerative meniscal extrusion.

  • Proximity and the Cluster Organization
    • Anna Lis
    • Adrian Lis
    2023

    Including the category of proximity in theoretical considerations and empirical analyzes in cluster organizations is an attempt to integrate existing approaches to understand and explain the specificity of inter-organizational cooperation developed in geographical proximity. The importance of geographical proximity to create a competitive advantage is emphasized in all theories on the establishment and development of industrial clusters. However, proximity should not be perceived only in the geographical dimension. The similarity of knowledge systems (cognitive proximity), relationships based on trust (social proximity), organizational links (organizational proximity), and finally the similarity of institutional operating conditions (institutional proximity) enable and facilitate the development of cooperation relationships between business entities. Each of the above-mentioned threads deals separately with issues that have much in common, namely they can be treated as different dimensions of the same concept – proximity. Proximity provides a specific concretization of the features, processes and mechanisms underlying inter-organizational cooperation, and thus facilitates its understanding, increasing the possibility of its effective management. The study provides new important elements to the current system of knowledge, filling in the cognitive and research gaps in the scientific literature on problems related to proximity development in cluster organizations. The new element includes a multidimensional concept of proximity explaining its role in the development of cooperative relationships in the cluster organizations. A strong point of the developed concept is its inductive-abductive origin and the use of grounded theory methodology, which is rare in the studies of cluster organizations. The developed concept has also significant practical advantages since it allows to consciously shape proximity in COs, thus contributing to the development of cooperation between cluster enterprises.

  • Przegląd aplikacji zużytych łopat turbin wiatrowych na potrzeby budownictwa infrastrukturalnego
    • Jakub Zembrzuski
    • Mikołaj Miśkiewicz
    • Agnieszka Sabik
    • Łukasz Pyrzowski
    • Jacek Chróścielewski
    • Krzysztof Wilde
    2023 Pełny tekst

    Artykuł zawiera przedstawienie aktualnego stanu wiedzy na temat recyklingu i ponownego użycia łopat wirników turbin wiatrowych na potrzeby budownictwa infrastrukturalnego. Poruszana problematyka stała się w ostatnim czasie bardzo istotna, a prognozy i statystyki pokazują, że najbliższe lata, będące jednocześnie okresem intensywnego rozwoju energetyki wiatrowej, będą jeszcze bardziej niż kiedykolwiek wymagały opracowania metody radzenia sobie z ciągle narastającą ilością odpadów, składających się z wycofanych z użytku łopat turbin wiatrowych. Autorzy zwracają uwagę na trudności związane z recyklingiem tego szczególnego typu odpadów, ale jednocześnie podkreślają znaczny potencjał zużytego elementu, związany z wykorzystaniem do jego budowy wyjątkowo wytrzymałego, a jednocześnie niebywale lekkiego materiału (FRP) oraz ze znacznymi rozpiętościami, jakie łopaty wirników turbin wiatrowych osiągają, wynoszącymi nawet ponad 80 m. W opracowaniu zaprezentowano przykłady istniejących obiektów, w konstrukcji których istotną role odgrywają łopaty turbin wiatrowych, oraz śmiałe koncepcje, pokazujące jak, wbrew pozorom, szerokie może być zastosowanie omawianych kompozytowych łopat, a także jak doskonałym polem do popisu inżynierów w tym kontekście jest właśnie budownictwo, a w szczególności branża mostowa. Wnioski płynące z przeglądu dostępnej literatury, przedstawionego pokrótce w artykule, wskazują, że temat poszukiwania efektywnego rozwiązania problemu recyklingu łopat turbin wiatrowych jest nadal aktualny, a kreatywne i nowatorskie propozycje projektantów stale poszerzają horyzonty w postrzeganiu elementów z recyklingu w konstrukcjach inżynierskich.

  • Przegląd i rola magazynów ciepła w polskich systemach ciepłowniczych
    • Tomasz Minkiewicz
    2023 Rynek Energii

    W artykule omówiono znaczenie ciepła sieciowego, opisano technologie magazynowania ciepła, rolę magazynów ciepła w systemach ciepłowniczych i przedstawiono wybrane przykłady rozwiązań wykorzystywanych w Polsce i na świecie.

  • PRZEGLĄD METOD WYMIAROWANIA PLATFORM ROBOCZYCH
    • Angelika Duszyńska
    • Remigiusz Duszyński
    2023 Pełny tekst Magazyn Autostrady

    W artykule przedstawiono wybrane zagadnienia związane z wymiarowaniem platform roboczych, umożliwiających bezpieczne prowadzenie robót geotechnicznych w gruntach słabonośnych. Omówiono dostępne metody wymiarowania (CIRIA, BRE, TWf i T-Value) umożliwiające określenie wymaganej miąższości platformy roboczej. Zwrócono uwagę na korzyści wynikające z zastosowania geosyntetyków w konstrukcji platform.

  • Przekształtnik SiC DC-DC z transformatorem macierzowym do pokładowych ładowarek baterii akumulatorów taboru 3kV DC
    • Marek Adamowicz
    • Jędrzej Pietryka
    • Zbigniew Krzemiński
    2023 Pełny tekst Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

    Baterie akumulatorów pojazdów trakcyjnych zapewniają zasilanie krytycznych systemów, takich jak sterowanie i oświetlenie. Zgodnie z wymaganiami przemysłu kolejowego, pokładowa ładowarka baterii akumulatorów powinna być urządzeniem kompaktowym, wysokosprawnym, a jednocześnie wysoce niezawodnym. W referacie, do pokładowego ładowania akumulatorów pociągu zaproponowano kompaktowy przekształtnik SiC DC-DC z transformatorem macierzowym 16:1, zintegrowany z główną przetwornicą pomocniczą pociągu o konstrukcji dachowej. Cały system przetwornicy głównej ze zintegrowaną ładowarką zapewnia przetwarzanie energii z poziomu 3kV DC do poziomu 24V przy zachowaniu wysokiej sprawności.

  • Przestrzenie publiczne. Ciągłość i zmiana
    • Małgorzata Dymnicka
    2023

    Gdańskie przestrzenie publiczne mają wyjątkową historię, która pozwala widzieć miasto jako kompletne, zwarte i czytelne. W różnych okresach rozwoju stanowiły one element miejskiej tkanki oraz odpowiedź na potrzeby i aspiracje różnych grup oraz społeczności. Miarą atrakcyjności przestrzeni publicznych nie jest już tylko aspekt estetyczny, lecz czyste powietrze, odporność na różne kataklizmy, dostępność do akwenów i obszarów zielonych. Zwrot w myśleniu o przestrzeni publicznej wynika z dostrzeżenia jej roli w kształtowaniu postaw prośrodowiskowych wśród mieszkańców i użytkowników miasta. Gdańszczanie coraz częściej dają sobie prawo do współdecydowania o wielu sprawach publicznych. Można o nich powiedzieć, że stają się aktorami, którzy (współ)tworzą przestrzenie publiczne.

  • Psychological and physical components in forming preferences on urban greenery management – The case of trees
    • Daria Paniotova-maczka
    • Piotr Jabkowski
    • Piotr Matczak
    • Patrycja Przewoźna
    • Krzysztof Mączka
    • Marcin Mielewczyk
    • Adam Inglot
    2023 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY

    Public opinion is increasingly important in managing urban greenery. In this regard, this study demonstrates the importance of sociological (environmental worldviews), psychological (place attachment, perceived benefits of trees), and physical factors (type of building people live in, and urban greenery) in forming residents’ opinions on whether the municipality or landowners should decide about tree removal on private land. Logistic regression models were applied to analyze data collected through a survey (N = 199) and satellite image-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index carried out in two Polish cities to predict the likelihood of a respondent indicating whether landowners or the municipality should decide about tree removal on private land. The results revealed that, of two worldviews, Anthropocentrism and Environmentalism, the former is connected with the opinion that the landowner should decide about tree removal. Moreover, a stronger sense of place attachment strengthens this opinion. At the same time, greater recognition of cultural ecosystem services provided by trees and living in multi-family houses is related to the opinion that the municipality should decide about tree removal. The results also demonstrated that, when managing urban greenery, it is vital to consider not only the quality of greenery but also less obvious metrics that can affect tree management. Based on these findings we conclude that the participation of residents in tree management decisions requires careful consideration of social factors affecting their preferences.

  • Psychometric properties of the Bern illegitimate tasks scale using classical test and item response theories
    • Beata Basińska
    • Anna Maria Daderman
    2023 Pełny tekst Scientific Reports

    Combining a classical test theory and an item response theory (IRT), this study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Bern Illegitimate Tasks Scale (BITS) by measuring two conceptually separate dimensions capturing unnecessary tasks (perceived by employees as pointless) and unreasonable tasks (perceived as unfairly or inappropriately assigned). Data collected among Polish employees in two samples (N= 965 and N= 803) were analysed. Results from the classical test theory (parallel analysis, exploratory and confrmatory factor analyses) indicated two correlated factors with four items each, confrming the theory of illegitimate tasks. This study is the frst to report item and scale functioning using IRT analysis of each of the two dimensions of BITS. All items on each dimension had acceptable discrimination and difculty parameters. Moreover, items had measurement invariance between men and women. All levels of unnecessary and unreasonable tasks were reliably captured by BITS items. Convergent and discriminant validities of both dimensions of BITS were confrmed in relation to work overload, work performance and occupational wellbeing. We conclude that BITS, in the case of the Polish version, is psychometrically suitable to use with the working population.

  • PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE POLISH VERSION OF THE GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER 7-ITEM SCALE (GAD-7) IN A NON-CLINICAL SAMPLE OF EMPLOYEES DURING PANDEMIC CRISIS
    • Beata Basińska
    • Zuzanna Kwissa-Gajewska
    2023 Pełny tekst International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

    Objectives: The COVID-19 outbreak is an example of a crisis that triggered an increase in generalized anxiety disorder. The study aims to validate the Polish version of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7) by Spitzer et al. among a non-clinical sample of employees and examine the invariance depending on the gender and age of working adults. Material and Methods: For assessing factor structure of the Polish version of the GAD-7, the data were collected from a sample of 821 adults employed in 4 economic sectors (health care, education, IT, public administration) during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland (April 10–May 24, 2020). Due to differences in the severity of GAD symptoms across gender and age groups, the measurement invariance in these groups was tested. Results: The results of a series of confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the unidimensionality of the GAD-7. The values of the composite reliability index and Cronbach’s α showed that it is a reliable tool. The GAD levels demonstrated strong relationships with professional burnout, psychological distress, and psychological complaints. These relationships were stronger than the relationships between these factors and job satisfaction. Construct, metric and scalar invariance across gender and age groups were documented. Women experienced more severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder than men. Generalized anxiety disorder affected 28% of respondents. Conclusions: This study contributes evidence of the validation of the GAD among employees and also confirms the invariance depending on gender and age. The Polish version of the GAD-7 has good psychometric properties in a group of professionals and can be recommended for research and to be used in an occupational medicine practice, especially during crisis periods associated with the risk of developing a generalized anxiety disorder.

  • PV installations and the safety of residential buildings
    • Leszek Litzbarski
    • Konrad Seklecki
    • Marek Adamowicz
    • Jacek Grochowski
    2023 Pełny tekst Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa Obiektów Antropogenicznych

    The dynamic development of the photovoltaic industry entails threats that have a direct impact on the safety of residential buildings. Appropriate design of a PV installation can be a challenge due to the multifaceted nature of this issue. The designer should take into account issues related to the selection of electrical parameters of the installation, adapting lightning and surge protection in accordance with applicable standards, ensure the optimization of the system in terms of efficiency and fire safety and calculate the mechanical stress on the rooftop. Unfortunately, most PV installations in Poland are built without any engineering project, which is allowed by the current law. In this article, we describe the results of simulations of real mechanical loads inflicted from the installation of PV panels on flat roofs for various regions of Poland. Wealso present the results of the simulation of the thermal impact of hot-spots on the roof surface, which can be a potential source of fire. In addition, we propose changes to the regulations that may increase the safety of PV installations mounted on the roofs of residential buildings

  • Pyrolysis and Torrefaction—Thermal Treatment of Creosote-Impregnated Railroad Ties as a Method of Utilization
    • Paweł Kazimierski
    • Paulina Kosmela
    • Piotr Piersa
    • Szymon Szufa
    2023 Pełny tekst Materials

    A fundamental issue of waste management and the rail transport industry is the problem of utilizing used railroad ties. Wooden railroad ties are treated with a preservative, usually creosote. Due to their high toxicity, railroad ties are considered hazardous waste and must be utilized under various directives. It is proposed to utilize the troublesome waste by using the pyrolysis and torrefaction process. The research proves that the thermal method is effective for disposing of this type of waste. Torrefaction up to 250 °C gives high efficiency of impregnation removal, while pyrolysis up to 400 °C completely neutralizes waste. A series of experiments were conducted for various final pyrolysis temperatures to determine a minimum temperature for which the obtained solid products are free from creosote. Extraction with the use of the Soxhlet technique was performed for the raw materials and the obtained solid products—chars. The oil content for liquid fraction was also examined for each sample. As a result of the thermal treatment of the waste, fuel with combustion parameters better than wood was obtained. For a high final temperature of the process, the calorific value of char is close to that of hard coal.

  • Quality 5.0: A Paradigm Shift Towards Proactive Quality Control in Industry 5.0
    • Jan Frick
    • Piotr Grudowski
    2023 Pełny tekst Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration

    Industry 5.0, the latest wave of industrial revolution, is redefining the traditional manufacturing and production landscapes by leveraging advanced technologies, promoting sustainability, and fostering a human-centric approach. An inevitable consequence of this progression is Quality 5.0, the next phase of quality control and assurance. Quality 5.0 aims to transcend the limitations of conventional quality control techniques, which are typically reactive, by adopting a proactive stance towards defect prevention and process optimization. This paper elucidates the concepts of Quality 5.0, discussing its principles, benefits, and potential challenges in the context of Industry 5.0.

  • Quality Evaluation of Speech Transmission via Two-way BPL-PLC Voice Communication System in an Underground Mine
    • Przemysław Falkowski-Gilski
    • Grzegorz Debita
    2023 Pełny tekst Archives of Acoustics

    In order to design a stable and reliable voice communication system, it is essential to know how many resources are necessary for conveying quality content. These parameters may include objective quality of service (QoS) metrics, such as: available bandwidth, bit error rate (BER), delay, latency as well as subjective quality of experience (QoE) related to user expectations. QoE is expressed as clarity of speech and the ability to interpret voice commands with adequate mean opinion score (MOS) grades. This paper describes a quality evaluation study of a two-way speech transmission system via bandwidth over power line – power line communication (BPL-PLC) technology in an operating underground mine. We investigate how different features of the available wired medium can affect end-user quality. The results of the described study include: two types of coupling (capacitive and inductive), two transmission modes (mode 1 and 11), and four language sets of speech samples (American English, British English, German, and Polish) encoded at three different bit rates (8, 16, and 24 kbps). Our findings can aid both researchers working on low-bit rate coding and compression, signal processing and speech perception, as well as professionals active in the mining and oil industry.

  • Quantumness in Diagnostics of Marine Internal Combustion Engines and Other Ship Power Plant Machines
    • Jacek Rudnicki
    • Jerzy Girtler
    2023 Pełny tekst Polish Maritime Research

    The article provides proof that the diagnostics of marine internal combustion engines and other ship power plant machines should take into account the randomness and unpredictability of certain events, such as wear, damage, the variations of mechanical and thermal loads, etc., which take place during machine operation. In the article, the energy E, like the other forms (methods) that it can be converted into (heat and work), is considered the random variable; at time t, this variable has the mean value, which is the observed value of the some statistic with an asymptotically normal distribution, irrespective of the functional form of the random variable. A proof is given that shows that the expected value estimated in the above way, considering the time t of the performance of task Z by a marine internal combustion engine or other ship power plant machine, can be used to determine the machine’s possible action (DM). When compared to the required action (DW) needed for task Z to be performed, this possible action makes it possible to formulate an operating diagnosis concerning whether the engine or machine of concern is able to perform task Z. It is assumed that an energy device of this type is able to perform a given task when the inequality DM > DW holds. Otherwise, when DM < DW, the device cannot perform the task for which it was adopted in the design and manufacturing phase, which means that it is in the incapability state, although it still can be started and convert energy into the form of heat or work.

  • Quenching of bright and dark excitons via deep states in the presence of SRH recombination in 2D monolayer materials
    • Jędrzej Szmytkowski
    2023 Pełny tekst JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER

    Two-dimensional (2D) monolayer materials are interesting systems due to an existence of optically non-active dark excitonic states. In this work, we formulate a theoretical model of an excitonic Auger process which can occur together with the trap-assisted recombination in such 2D structures. The interactions of intravalley excitons (bright and spin-dark ones) and intervalley excitons (momentum-dark ones) with deep states located in the energy midgap have been taken into account. The explanation of this process is important for the understanding of excitonic and photoelectrical processes which can coexist in 2D materials, like transition metal dichalcogenides and perovskites.

  • Quiet Quitting and its Link With Knowledge Risks in Organizations – Theoretical Insights
    • Martyna Gonsiorowska
    • Małgorzata Zięba
    2023 Pełny tekst

    Purpose: Quiet quitting has become a widely publicized concept, driven by social media in the United States and other countries in 2022. It is a term used to describe the phenomenon by which employees do the least amount of their work, just enough to meet the requirements of one’s job description (Mahand and Caldwell, 2023). The trend is spreading quickly among young workers. It can potentially harm individuals, job performance, innovativeness, and whole businesses. Moreover, this phenomenon can also pose several knowledge risks. This conceptual paper aims to identify and analyse human knowledge risks resulting from quiet quitting. Design/methodology/approach: This present study makes an update on the literature linking knowledge risks arising and quiet quitting. Originality/value: To the best knowledge of the authors, there are no publications that describe the knowledge risks arising from quiet quitting. This paper offers new insights for researchers dealing with the topic of knowledge risks in the context of human behaviours. Practical implications: The paper provides insight for each practitioner, as the issue addressed concerns the majority of incumbent employees. Especially, employers and managers should become aware of the consequences related to knowledge risks arising from quiet quitting.

  • RAGE as a Novel Biomarker for Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    • Catherine C. Applegate
    • Michael B. Nelappana
    • Elaine A. Nielsen
    • Leszek Kalinowski
    • Iwona T. Dobrucki
    • Lawrence W. Dobrucki
    2023 Pełny tekst Cancers

    The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) has been implicated in driving prostate cancer (PCa) growth, aggression, and metastasis through the fueling of chronic inflammation in the tumor microenvironment. This systematic review and meta-analysis summarizes and analyzes the current clinical and preclinical data to provide insight into the relationships among RAGE levels and PCa, cancer grade, and molecular effects. A multi-database search was used to identify original clinical and preclinical research articles examining RAGE expression in PCa. After screening and review, nine clinical and six preclinical articles were included. The associations of RAGE differentiating benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) or normal prostate from PCa and between tumor grades were estimated using odds ratios (ORs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CI). Pooled estimates were calculated using random-effect models due to study heterogeneity. The clinical meta-analysis found that RAGE expression was highly likely to be increased in PCa when compared to BPH or normal prostate (OR: 11.3; 95% CI: 4.4–29.1) and that RAGE was overexpressed in high-grade PCa when compared to low-grade PCa (OR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.8–3.4). In addition, meta-analysis estimates of preclinical studies performed by albatross plot generation found robustly positive associations among RAGE expression/activation and PCa growth and metastatic potential. This review demonstrates that RAGE expression is strongly tied to PCa progression and can serve as an effective diagnostic target to differentiate between healthy prostate, low-grade PCa, and high-grade PCa, with potential theragnostic applications.

  • Rainwater chemistry composition in Bellsund: Sources of elements and deposition discrepancies in the coastal area (SW Spitsbergen, Svalbard)
    • Sara Lehmann-konera
    • Ruman Marek
    • Marcin Frankowski
    • Łukasz Małarzewski
    • Krzysztof Raczyński
    • Filip Pawlak
    • Kozioł Krystyna
    • Żaneta Polkowska
    2023 CHEMOSPHERE

    Discrepancies in rainfall chemistry in Bellsund were found to be influenced by the orographic barrier and related to the variability in the inflow of air masses as well as to the distance of sampling sites from the sea and thus the extent of sea spray impact. This study covers measurements of rainfall (P) and air temperature (T), physicochemical parameters (pH, specific electrolytic conductivity (SEC), major ions (Cl , NO3 , SO4 2 ) and elements (Na, Ca, Mg, K), as well as trace elements (i.a. As, Cd, Cr, Fe, Co, Pb, Ni, Zn) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in 22 rainfall samples collected in August on the Calypsostranda marine terrace and in the forefield of a landterminating glacier (NW Wedel Jarlsberg Land). The comparison of chemical parameters in the samples revealed major discrepancies, including statistically significant higher rainwater pH and SEC, and the levels of Ag, As, Bi, Ca, Co, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, and V, deposited near the seashore (Calypsostranda) than in the glacier forefield. Cluster analysis (CA) showed that elements deposited in lower concentrations at the glacier forefield site came from predominately anthropogenic sources. Conversely, CA results of metals and metalloids deposited on the Calypsostranda marine terrace indicate both natural and anthropogenic sources. A correlation matrix and principal component analysis (PCA) permitted identifying two primary factors affecting rainfall chemistry at each of the study sites. In Calypsostranda, these were the inflow of relatively unpolluted cold air (F1 = 35.1%) and sea spray (F2 = 27.6%), while in the glacier forefield the factors were an orographic barrier (F1 = 37.3%) and the inflow of polluted warm air (F2 = 25.2%).

  • Rapid and Reliable Re-Design of Miniaturized Microwave Passives by Means of Concurrent Parameter Scaling and Intermittent Local Tuning
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    • Anna Pietrenko-Dąbrowska
    2023 Pełny tekst Scientific Reports

    Re-design of microwave passive components for the assumed operating frequencies or substrate parameters is an important yet a tedious process. It requires simultaneous tuning of relevant circuit variables, often over broad ranges thereof, to ensure satisfactory performance of the system. If the operating conditions at the available design are distant from the intended ones, local optimization is typically insufficient, whereas global search entails excessive computational expenses. The problem is aggravated for miniaturized components, typically featuring large numbers of geometry parameters. Furthermore, owing to their tightly-arranged layouts, compact structures exhibit considerable cross-coupling effects. In order to reliably evaluate electrical characteristics under such conditions full-wave electromagnetic (EM) analysis is mandatory. Needless to say, EM-driven design over broad ranges of operating frequencies is an arduous and costly endeavor. In this paper, we introduce a novel procedure for rapid and reliable re-design of microwave passives. Our methodology involves concurrent scaling of geometry parameters interleaved with local (gradient-based) tuning. The scaling stage allows for low-cost relocation of the operating frequencies of the circuit, whereas the optimization stage ensures continuous (iteration-wise) alignment of the performance figures with their target values. The presented framework is validated using several miniaturized microstrip couplers, re-designed over extended ranges of the center frequencies. For all considered structures, satisfactory designs are successfully identified despite the initial designs being distant from the targets, whereas local tuning turns out to be demonstrably inferior. Apart from its efficacy, one of the most important advantages of the proposed framework is its simplicity, and the lack of problem-dependent control parameters.

  • Rapid Antenna Optimization with Restricted Sensitivity Updates by Automated Dominant Direction Identification
    • Anna Pietrenko-Dąbrowska
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    2023 KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS

    Meticulous tuning of geometry parameters turns pivotal in improving performance of antenna systems. It is more and more often realized using formal optimization methods, which is demonstrably the most efficient way of handling multiple design variables, objectives, and constraints. Although in some cases a need for launching global search arises, a typical design scenario only requires local optimization, especially when a decent initial design can be rendered using engineering experience or parametric studies. At the same time, antenna optimization is typically conducted using full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulations, which entails considerable computational expenses. In this paper, we introduce a novel procedure for expedited antenna tuning. Its fundamental mechanism is to restrict the antenna response sensitivity updates to the selected dominant directions within the parameter space, determined based on the problem-specific knowledge, in particular, the estimated changes of antenna characteristics when moving across one-dimensional affine subspaces spanned by these directions. Thus, the said dominant directions affect the most the responses of the antenna structure under design as assessed using the introduced metrics. The decision making process concerning the number of directions to be used relies on quantification of the aggregated system response variability metrics. The proposed approach is demonstrated by means of several antenna structures and benchmarked against conventional trust-region algorithm, but also its accelerated versions. The results indicate considerable (up to over 60%) speedup over the reference procedure without noticeable quality degradation.

  • Rapid Design of 3D Reflectarray Antennas by Inverse Surrogate Modeling and Regularization
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    • Mehmet Belen
    • Alper Caliskan
    • Peyman Mahouti
    2023 Pełny tekst IEEE Access

    Reflectarrays (RAs) exhibit important advantages over conventional antenna arrays, especially in terms of realizing pencil-beam patterns without the employment of the feeding networks. Unfortunately, microstrip RA implementations feature narrow bandwidths, and are severely affected by losses. A considerably improved performance can be achieved for RAs involving grounded dielectric layers, which are also easy to manufacture using 3D printing technology. Regardless of the implementation details, a practical bottleneck of RA design is the necessity of independent adjustment of a large number of unit cells, which has to be carried out using full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation models to ensure reliability. The associated computational costs are extraordinary. A practical workaround is the incorporation of surrogate modeling methods; however, a construction of accurate metamodel requires a large number of training data samples. This letter introduces an alternative RA design approach, where the unit cells are adjusted using an inverse surrogate model established with a small number of anchor points, pre-optimized for the reference reflection phases. To ensure solution uniqueness, the anchor point optimization involves regularization, here, based on the minimum-volume condition for the unit cell. The presented approach reduces the computational cost of RA design to a few dozens of EM analyses of the cell. Several demonstration examples are provided, along with an experimental validation of the selected RA realization.

  • Rapid multi-criterial design of microwave components with robustness analysis by means of knowledge-based surrogates
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    • Anna Pietrenko-Dąbrowska
    2023 Pełny tekst Scientific Reports

    Manufacturing tolerances and uncertainties concerning material parameters, e.g., operating conditions or substrate permittivity are detrimental to characteristics of microwave components. The knowledge of relations between acceptable parameter deviations (not leading to violation of design specifications) and the nominal performance (not considering uncertainties), and is therefore indispensable. This paper proposes a multi-objective optimization technique of microwave components with tolerance analysis. The goal is to identify a set of trade-off designs: nominal performance versus robustness (quantified by the maximum input tolerance values that allow for achieving 100-percent fabrication yield). Our approach exploits knowledge-driven regression predictors rendered using characteristic points (features) of the component’s response for a rapid evaluation of statistical performance figures, along with trust-region algorithm to enable low execution cost as well as convergence. The proposed methodology is verified with the use of three microstrip circuits, a broadband filter, and two branch-line couplers (a single- and a dual-band one). It is demonstrated that a Pareto set w.r.t. nominal performance and robustness objectives can be produced using only 40 to 60 EM simulations of the respective structure (per design). Reliability of the proposed algorithm is corroborated with the use of EM-based Monte Carlo simulation.

  • Rating by detection: an artifact detection protocol for rating EEG quality with average event duration
    • Daniel Węsierski
    • Mehrdad Rahimzadeh Rufuie
    • Olga Milczarek
    • Wojciech Ziembla
    • Paweł Ogniewski
    • Anna Kołodziejak
    • Paweł Niedbalski
    2023 Pełny tekst Journal of Neural Engineering

    Quantitative evaluation protocols are critical for the development of algorithms that remove artifacts from real EEG optimally. However, visually inspecting the real EEG to select the top-performing artifact removal pipeline is infeasible while hand-crafted EEG data allow assessing artifact removal configurations only in a simulated environment. This study proposes a novel, principled approach for quantitatively evaluating algorithmically corrected EEG without access to ground truth in real-world conditions. Our offline evaluation protocol uses a detector to score the presence of artifacts. It computes their average duration, which measures the recovered EEG's deviation from the modeled background activity with a single score. As we expect the detector to make generalization errors, we employ a generic and configurable Wiener-based artifact removal method to validate the reliability of our detection protocol. Quantitative experiments extensively compare many Wiener filters and show their consistent rankings agree with their theoretical assumptions and expectations. The rating-by-detection protocol with the average event duration (AED) measure should be of value for EEG practitioners and developers. After removing artifacts from real EEG, the protocol experimentally shows that reliable comparisons between many artifact filtering configurations are possible despite the missing ground-truth neural signals.

  • RCDs Tripping in the Range from DC to AC 50 kHz for Slowly Rising Residual Current
    • Hanan Tariq
    • Stanisław Czapp
    • Vitaly Levashenko
    2023

    The wide use of power electronic converters means that in many low-voltage systems earth fault currents containing components from DC to AC of various frequencies have to be taken into account. Due to the tendency to increase the modulation frequency in converters, components of higher frequencies may be in the order of several tens of kilohertz. Therefore, it is very important to verify the behavior of devices for protection against electric shock in the presence of earth currents with frequencies other than the nominal frequency of the network, as well as for a DC component. The paper presents the results of tests of residual current devices (RCDs), with slowly rising earth/residual current at selected frequencies within the range 1 Hz – 50 kHz, and at pure DC. Tests have shown that RCDs may not respond to certain frequencies and pure DC, which carries a risk of electric shock.

  • Reactions of cobalt(ii) chloride and cobalt(ii) acetate with hemisalen-type ligands: ligand transformation, oxidation of cobalt and complex formation. Preliminary study on the cytotoxicity of Co(ii) and Co(iii) hemisalen complexes
    • Magdalena Siedzielnik
    • Monika Pawłowska
    • Mateusz Daśko
    • Hubert Kleinschmidt
    • Anna Dołęga
    2023 Pełny tekst RSC Advances

    Several molecular cobalt(II) complexes, one Co(II) coordination polymer, and one ionic cobalt(III) complex with imine hemisalen ligands were synthesized. The hemisalen ligands were synthesized from o-vanillin (oVP) and diverse aminopyridines (compounds HL1–HL4) or aminophenol (compound HL5). It was observed that cobalt(II) chloride in dry acetonitrile catalyzes a transformation of HL1 and HL3 instead of complex formation. The conversion of these imines proceeded via self-cyclization to N-2′′-pyridyl-2,6- dioxo-9-aza-[c,g]di-2′-methoxybenzononan or its methyl derivative as the major product. The remaining reactions were performed using imines HL1–HL5 and cobalt(II) acetate Co(Ac)2 in methanol or DMSO/acetonitrile resulting in forming of a series of cobalt complexes. The following series of compounds was obtained: two similar tetrahedral molecular Co(II) complexes [Co(L1)2] and [Co(L3)2], one trinuclear, mixed-ligand Co3(Ac)2(L4)2(oVP)2, one coordination polymer {Co(L2)2}N and finally one octahedral anionic Co(III) complex [HNEt3][Co(L5)3]. The latter complex formed in a cobalt(II) acetate reaction with a hemisalen HL5 derived from oVP and 2-aminophenol. The molecular structures of all compounds were confirmed by X-ray diffraction, and the cytotoxicity of Co(II) and Co(III) complexes towards cancer cell lines HCT116, HL-60, and normal cell line MRC-5 was studied.

  • Reactive imines: Addition of 2-aminopyrimidine to the imine bond and isolation of the aminal from the equilibrium mixture aminal/imine
    • Magdalena Siedzielnik
    • Andrzej Okuniewski
    • Kinga Kaniewska-Laskowska
    • Marcin Erdanowski
    • Anna Dołęga
    2023 Pełny tekst JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE

    The reaction between o-vanillin and 2-aminopyrimidine leads to the formation of a single crystalline product: aminal, 1, which results from the reaction of the initially formed imine with 2-aminopyrimidine. The reaction was followed by the NMR spectroscopy. VT NMR studies prove that in solution two major species are observed: aminal and imine and their ratio depends on the time or/and temperature with the imine content increasing over time. One factor responsible for the non-typical course of the reaction between the aldehyde (o-vanillin) and 2-aminopyrimidine is the increased reactivity of the resulting imine, which easily undergoes nucleophilic addition. With the use of DFT calculations combined with experimental results we prove that the dual descriptor is the best parameter in predicting the increased reactivity of the imine bond. The calculations confirmed that the imine derived from o-vanillin and 2-aminopyrimidine is a reactive species. Another factor that determines the course of the reaction is relatively facile crystallization of aminal due to the extensive network of strong and weak hydrogen bonds. Several metal ions were tested as templating partners but no metal-imine complex could be isolated. Instead we have obtained and characterized structurally several metal ion complexes with o-vanillinate and 2-aminopyrimidine as ligands.

  • Reactivity of triphosphinoboranes towards H3B·SMe2: access to derivatives of boraphosphacycloalkanes with diverse substituents
    • Anna Ordyszewska
    • Jarosław Chojnacki
    • Rafał Grubba
    2023 Pełny tekst DALTON TRANSACTIONS

    Triphosphinoboranes activated the B–H bond in the BH3 molecule without any catalysts at room temperature. Hydroboration reactions led to boraphosphacyloalkanes with diverse structures. The outcomes of reactions depend on the size of the phosphanyl substituent on the boron atom of the parent triphosphinoborane, where derivatives of boraphosphacyclobutane and boraphosphacyclohexane were obtained. Furthermore, the precursor of triphosphinoboranes, namely bromodiphosphinoborane, also exhibited high reactivity towards H3B·SMe2, yielding bromo-substituted boraphosphacyclobutane. The obtained products were characterized by heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy, single crystal X-ray diffraction, and elemental analysis.

  • Reaktory elektrochemiczne w przemyśle - konstrukcja i zastosowania
    • Dominika Parasińska
    • Grzegorz Skowierzak
    • Tadeusz Ossowski
    2023 Pełny tekst Wiadomości Chemiczne

    Z biegiem lat reakcje elektrochemiczne przestały być postrzegane jedynie jako eksperymenty laboratoryjne lub proste baterie. Chociaż mechanizm reakcji i budowa prostych reaktorów znana jest ludzkości już od ponad 100 lat w ostatnich latach można zauważyć największy wzrost zainteresowania tą dziedziną. Nowy stale opracowywane są lepsze projekty budowy reaktorów. Modyfikacje to nie tylko rodzaje i formy materiałów, z których wykonane są elektrody są wykonywane, ale także metody rozdzielania, postać elektrolitu czy metodę przepływu prądu. Tak szeroki zakres innowacji pozwolił na rozwój nowe, coraz ciekawsze zastosowania tych procesów. Obecność Metody elektrochemiczne można spotkać w przemyśle w procesach otrzymywania odczynniki chemiczne, metale i bardziej złożone związki, takie jak leki, a także rafinacja metali poprzez galwanizację. Ponadto w wielu przypadkach stosuje się elektrochemię przyrządy analityczne jako czujnik, na przykład przy pomiarach pH. Aspekt wykorzystanie reaktorów elektrochemicznych do celów energetycznych jako źródła energii elektrycznej generacji, która nie emituje szkodliwych substancji zanieczyszczających i nie wymaga dalszego wykorzystania paliwa kopalne również zyskują coraz większe znaczenie. Ponadto dzięki elektrolizie istnieje także możliwość wytwarzania wodoru, który oprócz wielu innych zastosowaniach, zaczyna także odgrywać coraz większą rolę jako nowe, nieszkodliwe paliwo. Nie należy również zapominać o rozwijaniu możliwości oczyszczanie ścieków z większą efektywnością niż dotychczasowe metody oczyszczania, zwłaszcza małych ilości związków. Ten artykuł ma na celu przegląd obu ostatnich opracowane metody budowy reaktorów elektrochemicznych, a także ich zakres zastosowań i możliwości dalszego rozwoju tych metod.

  • Recent advancements in molecularly imprinted polymers for the removal of heavy metal ions and dyes
    • Muhammad Khan
    • Shan E Zehra Syeda
    • Anna Skwierawska
    2023 Desalination and Water Treatment

    Contamination set off by highly toxic metal ions and dyes is a big threat to the environment and living beings. Various industries like metal plating, mining, pesticides, battery manufacturing, and dyeing release metal ions and toxic dyes directly into the water. It is necessary to remove these toxic substances from the environment. Molecular imprinting technology (MIT) got a lot of attention in the last two decades because of several advantages over conventional adsorption technologies. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are compatible with natural antibodies having the highest selectivity due to specific recognition sites for the template molecules. Selectivity is the major advantage of MIP, any targeted heavy metal ions and dyes can be separated efficiently. Various polymerization procedures can be used for the MIP preparation started by self-assembled monomers surrounding the molecules of the template because of the “monomer functional groups and template” interchange. Various studies have been made for the removal of metal ions and dyes from water and excellent results have been attained. Continuous research developments are being done for real applications of MIPs to remove toxic environmental substances that are not only harmful to humans and other organisms but also disturb the ecological balance. This review represents the development of current MIPs, advantages as well as disadvantages exhibited from various angles to complete a roadmap towards industrial and commercial use of MIPs.

  • Recent advances in 3D bioprinted tumor models for personalized medicine
    • Przemysław Gnatowski
    • Edyta Piłat
    • Justyna Kucińska-Lipka
    • Mohammad Saeb
    • Michael R. Hamblin
    • Masoud Mozafari
    2023 Pełny tekst Translational Oncology

    Cancerous tumors are among the most fatal diseases worldwide, claiming nearly 10 million lives in 2020. Due to their complex and dynamic nature, modeling tumors accurately is a challenging task. Current models suffer from inadequate translation between in vitro and in vivo results, primarily due to the isotropic nature of tumors and their microenvironment's relationship. To address these limitations, hydrogel-based 3D bioprinting is emerging as a promising approach to mimic cancer development and behavior. It provides precise control over individual elements' size and distribution within the cancer microenvironment and enables the use of patient-derived tumor cells, rather than commercial lines. Consequently, hydrogel bioprinting is expected to become a state-of-the-art technique for cancer research. This manuscript presents an overview of cancer statistics, current modeling methods, and their limitations. Additionally, we highlight the significance of bioprinting, its applications in cancer modeling, and the importance of hydrogel selection. We further explore the current state of creating models for the five deadliest cancers using 3D bioprinting. Finally, we discuss current trends and future perspectives on the clinical use of cancer modeling using hydrogel bioprinting.

  • Recent advances in electrochemically surface treated titanium and its alloys for biomedical applications: A review of anodic and plasma electrolytic oxidation methods
    • Balbina Makurat-Kasprolewicz
    • Agnieszka Ossowska
    2023 Materials Today Communications

    Nowadays, titanium and its alloys are widely used materials in implantology. Nevertheless, the greatest challenge is still its appropriate surface treatment in order to induce optimal properties, which facilitates formation of a permanent bond between the implant and human tissue. The use of electrochemical treatment such as anodic oxidation or plasma electrolytic oxidation allows for the production of porous coating that mimics the bone structure and accelerates the osseointegration process. The literature shows that the morphology, thickness, crystallinity, chemical composition, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of coatings, as well as their bioactivity, strongly depend on the parameters of electrochemical processes (voltage, duration, composition and temperature of the electrolyte). The purpose of this study is to review, summarize, and analyze the latest accomplishments and trends in the development of coatings used in implantology, produced with the use of electrochemical oxidation and micro arc oxidation. Recent progress and future challenges associated with the surface modification of titanium and its alloy for biomedical applications have been discussed.

  • Recent Advances in Nanocomposite Membranes for Organic Compound Remediation from Potable Waters
    • Jose R. Aguilar Cosme
    • Roberto Castro-Muñoz
    • Vahid Vatanpour
    2023 ChemBioEng Reviews

    Water treatment is one of the main approaches for producing drinking water from contaminated water sources which is challenging due to the presence of a variety of substances requiring removal. The fabrication of nanocomposite membranes relies either on filling nanomaterials into polymeric phases before membrane fabrication, or coating of nanomaterials on the fabricated membrane surface. The removal of organic compounds from potable waters requires processes such as microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis. Since most nanomaterials display interesting organic compound uptakes from aqueous systems, nanocomposite membranes have been tested in the removal of various substances from potable waters. Currently, many membrane processes necessitate more advanced and well-designed selective barriers that may guarantee both permeation and separation efficiency. The progresses and breakthroughs on nanocomposite membranes in remediating potable waters are reported, highlighting novel composite formulations and emphasizing recent advances and outcomes in the field.

  • Recent advances of selected passive heat transfer intensification methods for phase change material-based latent heat energy storage units: A review
    • Michał Rogowski
    • Rafał Andrzejczyk
    2023 Pełny tekst INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS IN HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER

    The following article overviews recent studies regarding heat transfer enhancement methods, explicitly focusing on fins and coils utilization, in phase change material-based latent heat thermal energy storage systems. It discusses the influence of various geometrical and material parameters on the melting and solidification processes, as well as the orientation of the heat transfer surface within the storage tank. Additionally, the article examines the use of a range of phase change materials regarding their melting temperature. Results show that there are research gaps regarding a few ranges of phase change materials of certain previously studied melting points. This paper's main goal was to detect possible research gaps within the phase change studies field. It should be highlighted that a vast amount of numerical studies of both finned and coiled geometries is in need of experimental verification. More than 62% of analyzed studies were performed numerically, while only 37% were performed experimentally. What is more, there were only a few studies concerning experimental investigations for melting temperatures higher than 60 °C. Furthermore, the majority of experimental as well as numerical studies were concerned only with melting phenomena. This paper also advocates for more standardized studies regarding coil geometries using non-dimensional parameters.

  • Recent applications and future prospects of magnetic biocatalysts
    • Rafael Leandro Fernandes Melo
    • Misael Bessa Sales
    • Viviane de Castro Bizerra
    • Paulo Gonçalves de Sousa Junior
    • Antônio Luthierre Gama Cavalcante
    • Tiago Melo Freire
    • Francisco Simão Neto
    • Muhammad Bilal
    • Teofil Jesionowski
    • João Maria Soares
    • Pierre Basílio Almeida Fechine
    • José Cleiton Sousa dos Santos
    2023 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES

    Magnetic biocatalysts combine magnetic properties with the catalytic activity of enzymes, achieving easy recovery and reuse in biotechnological processes. Lipases immobilized by magnetic nanoparticles dominate. This review covers an advanced bibliometric analysis and an overview of the area, elucidating research advances. Using WoS, 34,949 publications were analyzed and refined to 450. The prominent journals, countries, institutions, and authors that published the most were identified. The most cited articles showed research hotspots. The analysis of the themes and keywords identified five clusters and showed that the main field of research is associated with obtaining biofuels derived from different types of sustainable vegetable oils. The overview of magnetic biocatalysts showed that these materials are also employed in biosensors, photothermal therapy, environmental remediation, and medical applications. The industry shows a significant interest, with the number of patents increasing. Future studies should focus on immobilizing new lipases in unique materials with magnetic profiles, aiming to improve the efficiency for various biotechnological applications.

  • Recent progress in ultra-low formaldehyde emitting adhesive systems and formaldehyde scavengers in wood-based panels: a review
    • Lubos Kristak
    • Petar Antov
    • Pavlo Bekhta
    • Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis
    • Apri Heri Iswanto
    • Roman Reh
    • Jan Sedliacik
    • Viktor Savov
    • Hamid R. Taghiyari
    • Antonios N. Papadopoulos
    • Antonio Pizzi
    • Aleksander Hejna
    2023 Wood Material Science & Engineering

    Traditional wood-based panels are produced with synthetic, formaldehyde-based adhesives, commonly made from fossil-derived constituents, such as urea, phenol, melamine, etc. Along with their numerous advantages, such as chemical versatility, high reactivity and excellent adhesive performance, these adhesives are characterized by certain problems, connected with the hazardous volatile organic compounds (VOCs), mostly free formaldehyde in the adhesives and the formaldehyde emission from the finished wood composites, which is carcinogenic to humans and harmful to the environment. The growing environmental concerns and stringent legislative requirements to the formaldehyde emission from wood-based panels have posed new challenges to researchers and industrial practice, related to the development of sustainable, eco-friendly wood-based panels with close-to-zero formaldehyde emission. The most common methods to reduce the formaldehyde emission from wood-based panels have been to decrease the free formaldehyde in the adhesive by modifying the adhesive (like lowering the molar ratio of formaldehyde to urea in UF resin) or by using formaldehyde scavengers, one group of scavengers being for adhesives by mixing or reacting and the second one scavengers for wood-based panels as post-treatments. Another way is to use alternative bio-based adhesives, however, there are still substantial challenges for the complete replacement of formaldehyde-based adhesives with bio-based adhesives, mainly because of their relatively low bonding strength, poor water resistance, etc. This article presents a review and analysis of the current state of research in the field of low formaldehyde emission wood adhesives and formaldehyde scavengers for manufacturing low-toxic, eco-friendly wood composites.

  • Reception of Terrestrial DAB+ and FM Radio with a Mobile Device: A Subjective Quality Evaluation
    • Przemysław Falkowski-Gilski
    2023

    Nowadays, terrestrial broadcasting enables to receive content anytime and everywhere. People can obtain information both with a portable or desktop receiver, which include pocket-sized devices as well as high-end Hi-Fi equipment, not to mention car audio systems. Numerous manufacturers include FM-compatible chipsets in a variety of user equipment (UE), including mobile phones. However, digital radio signal processing modules, such as, i.e., Digital Audio Broadcasting plus (DAB+), are not that popular. Currently, only one smartphone available on the market offers such possibilities This paper examines the reception quality of terrestrial digital DAB+ and analog FM radio with the use of a mobile device. The study was carried out on a number of broadcasts simulcasted in both standards, and involved a group of 30 listeners aged between 20–25 years old. Next, results were compared with subjective scores obtained using a high-end desktop radio receiver. The aim of this work is to determine whether small size mobile UE can offer high-quality reception, and whether a smartphone can compete with a traditional indoor receiver. Results of carried out studies may aid and inspire devices manufacturers as well as content and service providers, speeding up the whole digitization process.