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Trees as a solar control measure for southern-oriented street frontages. Analysis of a selected street model for a humid continental climate
- Katarzyna Zielonko-Jung
- Justyna Janiak
2022 Pełny tekst URBAN ECOSYSTEMS
The present study is aimed at the analysis of possibilities for shading southern frontage of street oriented along the E-W axis by the single row of trees, parallel to the southern elevations. The effectiveness of solar control shading was tested depending on the geometric relationships between trees and buildings. Numerical simulation analyses were conducted in Rhinoceros® program for the street located in humid continental climate in city Płock, Poland (52°32′50 “N 19°42’00 “E), for the day of the highest degree of total solar radiation in the year i.e. June 7th, during hours: 8.00a.m - 5.00 p.m. The analysis has proved that a row of 20–25 year old Sycamore Maple ‘Rotterdam’ in the street 30 m wide and 18 m high (H/W = 0.6), can provide solar protection for the southern frontage, especially when trees are located no more than 4 m away. Location of greenery within the range of 4 to 5 m from the buildings leads to a radical reduction in the possibility of shading the wall surfaces (at 5 m to 0%). Over 90% of the shading area of the ground floor façade walls was found when trees were within the distance 2 and 3 m away from the building.
Trends in the new generation of green solvents in extraction processes
- Patrycja Janicka
- Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
- Natalia Jatkowska
- Aneta Chabowska
- Michel Y. Fares
- Vasil Andruch
- Massoud Kaykhaii
- Jacek Gębicki
2022 Pełny tekst Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry
Analytical chemistry, like other scientific fields, has undergone a number of changes to make it more consistent with the concept of sustainable development. Among the various steps of chemical analysis, without a doubt, sample preparation is the bottleneck in regard to following a green protocol, especially in terms of solvent consumption. Therefore, many attempts have been made to improve the environmental friendliness of this stage, mainly through the developing approaches for miniaturized sample preparation as well as application of new green solvents. This review offers a brief discussion of current trends in analytical applications that have been less studied and discussed: a new generation of green solvents, such as bio-based solvents, supercritical fluids, and liquefied. We believe that this mini review is a good starting place for readers interested in the future of green analytical chemistry.
Trendy w kształtowaniu nowoczesnych dzielnic badawczo-rozwojowych i przemysłowo-logistycznych
- Karolina Krośnicka
2022
Tekst opisuje aktualne trendy w kształtowaniu przestrzennym nowoczesnych dzielnic badawczo-rozwojowych oraz przemysłowych i logistycznych.
Tribological Properties of Thermoplastic Materials Formed by 3D Printing by FDM Process
- Jacek Łubiński
2022 Pełny tekst
The dataset entitled 3D printed ABS thermoplastic vs. steel. Dry sliding wear test in constant load & velocity ring on flat configuration. Test parameters: print layer thickness and orientation. Test symbol: 019_h_4 contains: the time base (expressed in seconds and minutes), the friction torque for sliding friction, rotational velocity of the counter – specimen (velocity of sliding), friction coefficient, load in the friction contact interface, specimen temperature. Tests were conducted in an in-house developed tribological tester, the Tribometr PT-1. The test belongs to a testing program on the influence of technological parameters in 3D printing from thermoplastic materials by FDM process on friction in sliding with a steel counter – specimen without added lubrication.
Tripping of F-type RCDs for sinusoidal residual current with superimposed smooth DC component
- Stanisław Czapp
- Hanan Tariq
2022
Recent trends in green energy development make that photovoltaics and electric vehicles are applied on an increasing scale. In both photovoltaic and electric vehicle charging installations, a significant value of DC component of the earth fault current may appear, which is a challenge, in particular, for commonly used residual current devices (RCDs). This paper presents results of the laboratory test on the operation of F-type RCDs – a type that is just beginning to appear in low-voltage installations. It has been checked how the tripping threshold of RCDs changes, if a smooth DC component is superimposed on the sinusoidal alternating current. It has been found that the F-type RCDs can operate very well even in the presence of a very high value of DC component.
Trójfazowy 4-gałęziowy falownik SiC w napędzie z wysokoobrotowym silnikiem indukcyjnym
- Marek Adamowicz
- Sebastian Giziewski
- Zbigniew Krzemiński
2022
Zastosowanie tranzystorów SiC w falownikach napędów wysokoobrotowych powoduje nowe wyzwania, szczególnie odnośnie generowanego w falowniku napięcia common mode (CM) o wysokiej częstotliwości. Wysokoczęstotliwościowe napięcie CM wchodzi w interakcję z pojemnościami pasożytniczymi falownika, kabla i silnika wymuszając przepływ prądów CM, które są źródłem strat w filtrach pasywnych oraz powodują zakłócenia pomiarów prądów, nieakceptowalne z punktu widzenia działania przekształtnika. Ze wzrostem częstotliwości rośnie poziom emisji zaburzeń elektromagnetycznych spowodowany rezonowaniem obwodu CM, a tym samym niekorzystnie rośnie masa, gabaryt i koszt dławików CM. W referacie zaproponowano zastosowanie 4-gałęziowego falownika SiC z metodą sterowania zapewniającą eliminację napięcia CM celem poprawy właściwości napędu wysokoobrotowego.
Trust and Distrust in e-Democracy
- David Duenas Cid
- Tomasz Janowski
- Robert Krimmer
2022
In the digital government research literature, the concept of trust is typically used as a precondition for the adoption of digital technology in the public sector or an outcome of a roadmap leading up to such adoption. The concept plays a central role in many decisions linked to the planning, adoption and management of the public sector technology. In contrast, the concept of distrust is almost neglected in such literature but, when approached, it appears as the opposite logical side of the trust-distrust dichotomy. However, we conjecture that the path to building trust is different than the path to building distrust and both concepts should be regarded as different theoretical constructs. The workshop aims to prove this conjecture drawing on the insights from the field of e-democracy including internet voting. Given its technical breadth, political and societal implications, and layers of complexity, e-democracy is a good benchmark for exploring this topic. The workshop will confront the main conjecture using examples, research and experiences contributed by participants, conceptual and methodological tools introduced by the organizers, and a discussion shared by everybody. The outcome – elements that help build trust or distrust in various forms of e-democracy – will have practical and theoretical implications, aiming at further research by the participants and collective publication of the results in a special issue in a top ranked journal, preferably Government Information Quarterly.
Trust in Electronic Word-of-Mouth (eWOM): the concept and the most important determinants
- Anna Drapińska
2022
eWOM and trust in it is now the most important factor in determining buyers' purchasing behavior. Familiarity with the determinants of trust establishes the formation of appropriate marketing activities. However, the growing number of new forms of eWOM and its increasingly complex and multidimensional nature have created a lot of confusion. The article aims to organize the concepts related to trust in eWOM, to indicate the most important known determinants and future research directions. Thanks to the analysis of the literature, it was shown that future research on trust in eWOM should take into account more advanced models that include the multidimensionality of eWOM and trust, as well as individual product categories and customer characteristics.
Trustworthy Applications of ML Algorithms in Medicine - Discussion and Preliminary Results for a Problem of Small Vessels Disease Diagnosis.
- Maria Ferlin
- Zuzanna Klawikowska
- Julia Niemierko
- Małgorzata Grzywińska
- Arkadiusz Kwasigroch
- Edyta Szurowska
- Michał Grochowski
2022 Pełny tekst
ML algorithms are very effective tools for medical data analyzing, especially at image recognition. Although they cannot be considered as a stand-alone diagnostic tool, because it is a black-box, it can certainly be a medical support that minimize negative effect of human-factors. In high-risk domains, not only the correct diagnosis is important, but also the reasoning behind it. Therefore, it is important to focus on trustworthiness which is a concept that includes fairness, data security, ethics, privacy, and the ability to explain model decisions, either post-hoc or during the development. One of the interesting examples of a medical applications is automatic SVD diagnostics. A complete diagnosis of this disease requires a fusion of results for different lesions. This paper presents preliminary results related to the automatic recognition of SVD, more specifically the detection of CMB and WMH. The results achieved are presented in the context of trustworthy AI-based systems.
t-SNE Highlights Phylogenetic and Temporal Patterns of SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Nucleocapsid Protein Evolution
- Gaik Tamazian
- Andrey Komissarov
- Dmitry Kobak
- Dmitry Polyakov
- Evegeny Andronov
- Sergei Nechaev
- Sergey Kryzhevich
- Yuri Porozov
- Eugene Stepanov
2022
We propose applying t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding to protein sequences of SARS-CoV-2 to construct, visualize and study the evolutionary space of the coronavirus. The basic idea is to explore the COVID-19 evolution space by using modern manifold learning techniques applied to evolutionary distances between variants. Evolutionary distances have been calculated based on the structures of the nucleocapsid and spike proteins.
Tuning Electrochemical Performance by Microstructural Optimization of the Nanocrystalline Functional Oxygen Electrode Layer for Solid Oxide Cells
- Bartosz Kamecki
- Grzegorz Cempura
- Piotr Jasiński
- Sea-Fue Wang
- Sebastian Molin
2022 Pełny tekst ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
Further development of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) oxygen electrodes can be achieved through improvements in oxygen electrode design by microstructure miniaturisation alongside nanomaterials implementation. In this work, improved electrochemical performance of an La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-d (LSCF) cathode was achieved by the controlled modification of the La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-d (LSC) nanocrystalline interlayer introduced between a porous oxygen electrode and dense electrolyte. The evaluation was carried out for various LSC layer thicknesses, annealing temperatures, oxygen partial pressures, and temperatures, as well as subjected to long-term stability tests and evaluated in typical operating conditions in an intermediate temperature SOFC. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and a distribution of relaxation times analysis (DRT) were performed to reveal the rate-limiting electrochemical processes that limit the overall electrode performance. The main processes with an impact on the electrode performance were the adsorption of gaseous oxygen O2, dissociation of O2, and charge transfer-diffusion (O2-). The introduction of a nanoporous and nanocrystalline interlayer with extended electrochemically active surface area accelerates the oxygen surface exchange kinetics and oxygen ion diffusions, reducing polarisation resistances. The polarisation resistance of the reference LSCF was lowered by one order of magnitude from 0.77Ω∙cm2 to 0.076 Ω∙cm2 at 600°C by the deposition of a 400 nm LSC interlayer at the interface. The developed electrode tested in the anode-supported fuel cell configuration showed a higher cell performance by 20% compared to the cell with the reference electrode. The maximum power density at 700°C reaches 675 and 820 mW∙cm-2 for the reference cell and the cell with the LSC interlayer, respectively. Ageing tests at 700°C under a high load of 1 A∙cm2 were performed.
Tuning of the finesse coefficient of optoelectronic devices
- Monika Kosowska
2022 Pełny tekst
Optoelectronic devices attracted considerable attention in many branches of science and technology, which can be attributed to their unique properties. Many of them use optical cavities which parameters can be adopted to specific requirements. This thesis investigates the introduction of diamond structures (nitrogen-doped diamond film, boron-doped diamond film, undoped diamond sheet) to optical cavities to tune their finesse coefficient. Moreover, their application enabled development of a system for optical monitoring of electrochemical reactions. A detailed review of the state-of-the-art presents techniques of cavities tuning in optoelectronic devices, diamond applications in optoelectronics and current solutions combining optical and electrochemical measurement techniques in one system is presented. The work includes mathematical investigation, description of the construction of cavities and measurement setup, as well as results of experimental measurements. Applications of optical cavities tuned by the use of diamond structures are presented on the example of fiber-optic sensors: for measurements of distance and liquids refractive index, and for construction of a hybrid optoelectrochemical system.
Tuning the Laser-Induced Processing of 3D Porous Graphenic Nanostructures by Boron-Doped Diamond Particles for Flexible Microsupercapacitors
- Sujit Deshmukh
- Paweł Jakóbczyk
- Mateusz Ficek
- Jacek Ryl
- Dongsheng Geng
- Robert Bogdanowicz
2022 Pełny tekst ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
Carbon (sp3)-on-carbon (sp2) materials have the potential to revolutionize fields such as energy storage and microelectronics. However, the rational engineering and printing of carbon-on-carbon materials on flexible substrates remains a challenge in wearable electronics technology. This study demon-strates the scalable fabrication of flexible laser-induced graphene (LIG)-boron doped diamond nanowall (BDNW) hybrid nanostructures for microsuperca-pacitors. Direct laser writing on polyimide film is tuned by the presence of BDNW powder where an appreciable absorbance of the BDNWs at the CO2laser wavelength enhances the local film temperature. The thermal shock due to laser irradiation produces graphitized and amorphous carbon at the diamond grain boundaries which increases the thermal and charge transfer capacity between the LIG–diamond interfaces. The samples are further treated with O2 plasma to tune the wettability or to improve the microsu-percapacitor device performance. The outstanding electrical characteristics of graphene, exceptional electrochemical stability of diamond, and essential contributions of oxygen-containing groups result in a remarkable charge storage capacity (18 mF cm−2 @ 10 mV s−1) and cyclic stability (98% retention after 10 000 cycles) outperforming most state-of-the-art LIG-based superca-pacitors. Furthermore, despite extreme mechanical stress, these microsu-percapacitors maintain their outstanding electrochemical properties, thus holding promise for high-power, flexible/wearable electronics.
Tuning the photocatalytic performance through magnetization in Co-Zn ferrite nanoparticles
- Laura Cervera-Gabalda
- Anna Zielińska-Jurek
- Cristina Gómez-Polo
2022 Pełny tekst JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
In this work, the link between the photocatalytic performance of Co-Zn ferrite nanoparticles and the net magnetic moment is analyzed. CoxZn1-xFe2O4 nanoparticles (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) were synthesized by co-precipitation method and different physicochemical techniques were employed to characterize the samples (X-ray diffraction, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), BET surface area, Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS), Photoluminescence spectroscopy, Z-potential, SQUID magnetometry). Enhanced photocatalytic degradation (maximum degradation ratios of two emerging pollutants, phenol and toluene) are found in those nanoparticles (0.4 ≤ x ≤ 0.6) with optimum magnetic response (i.e. superparamagnetism at room temperature and high saturation magnetization). The magnetization of the nanoparticles turns out to be the determining factor in the optimization of the photocatalytic response, since there is no clear relationship with other physicochemical parameters (i.e. specific surface area, isoelectric point, band gap energy or photoluminescence). These results support the current field of research related to photocatalytic performance enhancement through magnetic field effects.
Turbina wiatrowa jako element systemu radiolokalizacyjnego
- Jacek Stefański
- Jarosław Sadowski
2022 Pełny tekst
W referacie zaproponowano wykorzystanie turbiny wiatrowej do umieszczenia elementów systemu radiolokalizacyjnego do określania położenia obiektów latających. Zaproponowane rozwiązanie umożliwia osza-cowanie położenia obiektu w przestrzeni, zwłaszcza w ruchu, za pomocą sygnałów lokalizacyjnych nadawanych jednocześnie z wybranych punktów konstrukcyjnych turbiny. Przedstawiono matematyczną analizę metody oraz algorytm Chana (CA) do rozwiązywania układu nieliniowych równań pozycyjnych. W dalszej kolejności przedstawiono analizę parametru rozmycia położenia (PDoP) dla zaproponowanej metody. Na koniec zaprezentowano wyniki badań symulacyjnych dotyczących efektywności estymacji położenia obiektów dla tej metody dla wybranych parametrów systemowych.
Two-photon perimetry utilizing picosecond laser
- Marcin Marzejon
2022 Pełny tekst
Age-related impairments are becoming more and more severe for aging societies. The sensory organ diseases are particularly troublesome as they exclude seniors from their everyday activity. Therefore, maintaining good quality eyesight is essential for normal functioning. New medical therapies help restrain age-related changes, but still, monitoring is essential to the treatment process. Humans do not have the natural ability to see infrared radiation, but they can see ultra-short nearinfrared laser pulses. The visual system reacts as if one photon of visible radiation has been absorbed, instead of two photons of infrared radiation have been absorbed in the photoreceptors. Further research on the two-photon vision assumes the development of a new diagnostic method – the two-photon perimetry. The two-photon perimetry is a new tool for the investigation of the near-infrared perception of the human eye. Before the method will be introduced to ophthalmic clinics, it is important to understand its physical and technical limitations. Therefore, the measurement setup and software have been developed, and tests on volunteers and patients have been performed. All system modalities: eye stimulation, pupil imaging, and the patient interface were made from scratch. The obtained results will help to find optimal solutions applicable to clinical practice.
Tworzenie wartości wspólnej w uniwersytecie. Perspektywa trójkąta wiedzy
- Elżbieta Karwowska
2022
Społeczną odpowiedzialność uniwersytetu definiuje się jako dobrowolne działania uczelni, wykraczające poza obowiązek kształcenia i prowadzenia badań, których celem jest poprawa jakości życia ogółu. Mimo że trójczłonowość misji uniwersytetu może sugerować, że jest on społecznie odpowiedzialny „z natury”, wyniki badań pokazują, że społeczna odpowiedzialność nie jest fundamentem, z którego wynikają działania uniwersytetu, lecz raczej dodatkowym elementem jego działalności. USR często jest traktowana przedmiotowo i bagatelizowana, co utrudnia jej rozwój. Jednocześnie otoczenie społeczne postrzega uniwersytet jako inkubator wiedzy i technologii oraz oczekuje, że przyczynią się one do rozwiązania ważnych problemów, takich jak: globalne ocieplenie, zubożenie i rozwarstwienie społeczne, migracje, starzenie się populacji i choroby cywilizacyjne. Uczelnie powinny rozwijać swoją działalność, tak aby sprostać oczekiwaniom i potrzebom swoich interesariuszy oraz zacieśniać współpracę z coraz bardziej zróżnicowanymi grupami reprezentującymi społeczeństwo. Zaadaptowanie CSV do potrzeb i realiów funkcjonowania uniwersytetu może być kolejnym etapem ewolucji obu omawianych powyżej koncepcji. Może też stanowić odpowiedź na wyzwania, z jakimi mierzy się współczesny uniwersytet – zarówno związane z pogłębiającymi się problemami cywilizacyjnymi i środowiskowymi, zwiększającą się świadomością społeczną oraz oczekiwaniami względem zaangażowania uczelni, jak i wynikające z globalnej konkurencji o studentów i środki finansowe, niezbędne uczelni do rozwoju. Monografia składa się z sześciu rozdziałów. Trzy pierwsze poświęcono analizie literatury dotyczącej społecznej odpowiedzialności organizacji (rozdział 1), tworzenia wartości wspólnej (rozdział 2) oraz społecznej odpowiedzialności uniwersytetu (rozdział 3). Metodyka badania empirycznego została opisana w rozdziale 4, a jego wyniki omówiono w rozdziale 5. Rozdział 6 poświęcono natomiast przedstawieniu rekomendacji opracowanych na podstawie badania.
Two-Stage Variable-Fidelity Modeling of Antennas with Domain Confinement
- Anna Pietrenko-Dąbrowska
- Sławomir Kozieł
- Łukasz Gołuński
2022 Pełny tekst Scientific Reports
Surrogate modeling has become the method of choice in solving an increasing number of antenna design tasks, especially those involving expensive full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulations. Notwithstanding, the curse of dimensionality considerably affects conventional metamodeling methods, and their capability to efficiently handle nonlinear antenna characteristics over broad ranges of the system parameters is limited. Performance-driven (or constrained) modeling frameworks may be employed to mitigate these issues by considering a construction of surrogates from the standpoint of the antenna performance figures rather than directly geometry parameters. This permits a significant reduction of the model setup cost without restricting its design utility. This paper proposes a novel modeling framework, which capitalizes on the domain confinement concepts, and also incorporates variable-fidelity EM simulations, both at the surrogate domain definition stage, and when rendering the final surrogate. The latter employs co-kriging as a method of blending simulation data of different fidelities. The presented approach has been validated using three microstrip antennas, and demonstrated to yield reliable models at remarkably low CPU costs, as compared to both conventional and performance-driven modeling procedures.
Tyre/road noise measurements on ISO tracks according to the UNECE Regulation 117
- Truls Berge
- Piotr Mioduszewski
2022
Within the Polish-Norwegian research project ELANORE, a limited Round Robin Test has been performed on 3 ISO tracks in Northern Europe. The basic objective of the project is to improve the EU directive on labelling of tyres for noise and rolling resistance, and this directive is based on the measurement procedures defined in the UN ECE Reg.117. The same test car, test tyres and measurement equipment as well as personnel were used on all test tracks, to minimize the measurement uncertainties. All tracks were built according to the specification given in ISO 10844:2014. Five sets of C1 tyres were tested. They consisted of 2 sets of summer tyres, one all-season, one winter and one set of the SRTT tyres. Except for the SRTT tyres, the other 4 had labelled noise values from 67 to 74 dB. In addition to the test conditions specified in Reg.117, a modified test was also included, where the load and inflation pressure were adjusted to fit better the test vehicle specifications. Due to some adverse weather conditions at two of the test tracks, only a part of the test program was accomplished. The paper presents results from these measurements. Additional measurements are planned for 2022.
Tyre/road noise measurements on ISO tracks using the modified CPX method
- Piotr Mioduszewski
- Truls Berge
2022
Tyre rolling noise test method specified in the UNECE Regulation 117 is directly used in the Tyre Labelling Directive. Noise level specified on EU Tyre Label of each new tyre available on the European market was determined based on vehicle coast-by noise measurements performed on the standard reference road surface proscribed in the ISO 10844:2014. Available data from investigations by the vehicle and tyre industry and results from the STEER project show that the effect of ISO test track is significant. To estimate the noise variation on existing ISO test tracks, a small Round Robin Test was conducted on 3 of them, as a part of the joint Polish-Norwegian project ELANORE. The modified CPX method was used for this purpose. Measurements were performed for 9 selected tyres of summer, winter and all-season type, with label noise values ranging from 66 to 74 dB. Additionally, 2 standard reference tyres, P1 (SRTT) and H1 (Avon AV4), specified in the ISO 11819-3:2017 were tested. The obtained differences in noise levels for the tested tyres were up to 3.7 dB depending on test track. The ranking of tyres regarding measured noise levels didn’t correspond at all to the noise values given on tyre labels.