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  • Jak trudno jest dobierać i weryfikować źródła informacji na przykładzie historii tramwaju elektrycznego
    • Agnieszka Leszczewicz
    2024 Pełny tekst Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziału Elektrotechniki i Automatyki Politechniki Gdańskiej

    Artykuł skupia się na przeglądzie literatury dotyczącej wynalazku tramwaju elektrycznego, z naciskiem na różne perspektywy dotyczące tożsamości wynalazcy. Wskazuje na znaczenie geopolityki w historii nauki i konsekwencje różnic w interpretacjach dla badaczy i entuzjastów tematu. Pierwsza część artykułu omawia technologiczny postęp, który doprowadził do wynalezienia tramwaju elektrycznego, z uwzględnieniem kluczowych odkryć, takich jak wydajne generatory prądu stałego i zasada odwracalności dynama, przesyłu prądu. Następnie przedstawia opis pierwszej kolejki elektrycznej. Autorka przechodzi do analizy różnych publikacji, które przed 1949 roku wskazywały na Siemensa jako wynalazcę tramwaju elektrycznego. Od lat 50-tych pojawiają się jednak dwie równoległe historie powstania tramwaju elektrycznego, z rosnącym naciskiem na rolę Fiodora Pirockiego, co prawdopodobnie jest wynikiem radzieckiej propagandy. Artykuł kończy się refleksją na temat wyzwań związanych z selekcją informacji w Internecie, zwłaszcza dla młodych ludzi, uczniów i studentów. Podkreśla znaczenie korzystania z wiarygodnych źródeł i narzędzi, takich jak Google Scholar, BazTech a także baz danych subskrybowanych przez biblioteki. Artykuł zaleca również konsultacje z nauczycielami, ekspertami i bibliotekarzami w celu uzyskania rzetelnych informacji.

  • Kachu: profesor zwyczajny. Spotkanie wokół publikacji oraz wystawa.
    • Dominika Krechowicz
    • Krzysztof Wróblewski
    • Jan Buczkowski
    2024

    Kachu: profesor zwyczajny. Spotkanie wokół publikacji: 06.11.2024. Wystawa: 06.11. - 11.11.2024. W wydarzeniu wzięło udział 16 osób.

  • KEMR-Net: A Knowledge-Enhanced Mask Refinement Network for Chromosome Instance Segmentation
    • Ding Chen
    • Haoxi Zhang
    • Edward Szczerbicki
    2024 Pełny tekst CYBERNETICS AND SYSTEMS

    This article proposes a mask refinement method for chromosome instance segmentation. The proposed method exploits the knowledge representation capability of Neural Knowledge DNA (NK-DNA) to capture the semantics of the chromosome’s shape, texture, and key points, and then it uses the captured knowledge to improve the accuracy and smoothness of the masks. We validate the method’s effectiveness on our latest high-resolution chromosome image dataset. The experimental results show that our proposed method’s mask average precision (MaskAP) is 3.66% higher than Mask R-CNN and outperforms advanced Cascade Mask R-CNN by 1.35%.

  • Keratinocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles supply antigens for CD1a-resticted T cells and promote their type 2 bias in the context of filaggrin insufficiency
    • Adrian Kobiela
    • Weronika Hewelt-Belka
    • Joanna Frackowiak
    • Natalia Kordulewska
    • Lilit Hovhannisyan
    • Aleksandra Bogucka
    • Rachel Etherington
    • Artur Piróg
    • Irena Dapic
    • Susanne Gabrielsson
    • Sara Brown
    • Graham Ogg
    • Danuta Gutowska-Owsiak
    2024 Pełny tekst Frontiers in Immunology

    Introduction: Exosome-enriched small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are nanosized organelles known to participate in long distance communication between cells, including in the skin. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease for which filaggrin (FLG) gene mutations are the strongest genetic risk factor. Filaggrin insufficiency affects multiple cellular function, but it is unclear if sEV-mediated cellular communication originating from the affected keratinocytes is also altered, and if this influences peptide and lipid antigen presentation to T cells in the skin. Methods: Available mRNA and protein expression datasets from filaggrin-insufficient keratinocytes (shFLG), organotypic models and AD skin were used for gene ontology analysis with FunRich tool. sEVs secreted by shFLG and control shC cells were isolated from conditioned media by differential centrifugation. Mass spectrometry was carried out for lipidomic and proteomic profiling of the cells and sEVs. T cell responses to protein, peptide, CD1a lipid antigens, as well as phospholipase A2-digested or intact sEVs were measured by ELISpot and ELISA. Results: Data analysis revealed extensive remodeling of the sEV compartment in filaggrin insufficient keratinocytes, 3D models and the AD skin. Lipidomic profiles of shFLGsEV showed a reduction in the long chain (LCFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs; permissive CD1a ligands) and increased content of the bulky headgroup sphingolipids (non-permissive ligands). This resulted in a reduction of CD1a-mediated interferon-γ T cell responses to the lipids liberated from shFLG-generated sEVs in comparison to those induced by sEVs from control cells, and an increase in interleukin 13 secretion. The altered sEV lipidome reflected a generalized alteration in the cellular lipidome in filaggrin-insufficient cells and the skin of AD patients, resulting from a downregulation of key enzymes implicated in fatty acid elongation and desaturation, i.e., enzymes of the ACSL, ELOVL and FADS family. Discussion: We determined that sEVs constitute a source of antigens suitable for CD1a-mediated presentation to T cells. Lipids enclosed within the sEVs secreted on the background of filaggrin insufficiency contribute to allergic inflammation by reducing type 1 responses and inducing a type 2 bias from CD1a-restricted T cells, thus likely perpetuating allergic inflammation in the skin.

  • Key success factors for small design offices in the bidding process
    • Magdalena Apollo
    • Daniel Burkacki
    2024 Pełny tekst Architectural Engineering and Design Management

    Competition in the design office market is high, therefore it is important to be aware of the conditions determining the competitive advantage, thus increasing the bidding effectiveness. For this reason, the aim of the article is to identify key success factors (KSF) increasing successful bidding of a small design office. The factors were identified and then analysed based on a literature review, expert interviews and using Group Consensus Cluster Analysis (GCCA) – the module of the AHP method clustering a group of decision makers into smaller subgroups with higher consensus. To examine the managerial implications, a KSF analysis was conducted from the perspective of the bidding effectiveness of the selected small design office. The results indicate that ‘technical skills and experience’ is the factor most influencing the potential of a small design office. Nevertheless, the entire proposed procedure provides important guidelines on how to use the organisation's strengths for its development and what needs to be improved in its operation.

  • Kids On The Net. „Manipulative Patterns” of Digital Media Design
    • Jan Kreft
    • Monika Boguszewicz-Kreft
    2024 Zeszyty Prasoznawcze

    When owners and designers of mobile applications and websites compete for the attention of users, persuasive design becomes a common practice. In its preparation, the user’s perspec­tive is adopted in order to better understand and optimise their experience when in contact with the offered media service. However, projects created in this way may be unethical and use so-called „manipulative patterns” depriving the user of (or limiting) the possibility of choice. Manipulative patterns are a relatively new phenomenon in the media and are rarely noticed by media users. By definition, they lead to addictions, for example, to games. The aim of the undertaken research is to identify a common set of design practices within these so-called manipulative patterns in media products addressed to users, in particular children. The article points out a consensus in the design of manipulative patterns, as well as their common foundation: „dependence asymmetry”. Common features of attitudes towards manipulative patterns were also identified: users’ helplessness towards these prac­tices and users getting used to them

  • KITHAR: a Knowledge Informed Tree based Neural Network for Interpretable Human Activity Recognition
    • Guixiang Zhang
    • Haoxi Zhang
    • Edward Szczerbicki
    2024

    Human Activity Recognition (HAR) seeks to automatically identify various types of human activities from data collected through different mechanisms. Although existing HAR methods achieve high accuracy, they face challenges in interpretability, particularly in fields requiring classification explanations, such as human-computer interaction and sports science. Inspired by physics-informed neural networks and decision trees, a novel interpretable HAR model named KITHAR is proposed. This model incorporates physical knowledge into the generation process of a neural decision tree, allowing the resulting tree to integrate physical prior knowledge and hence enhance model interpretability. Experimental results reveal that this method significantly improves interpretability at both feature and decision tree levels. Additionally, classification accuracy only decreased by 1% compared to the standard method.

  • Kluczowe kompetencje jako narzędzie do tworzenia nowych modeli biznesu w przedsiębiorstwach
    • Kamila Siwak
    2024 Pełny tekst

    Koncepcja kluczowych kompetencji wywodzi się z nurtu zasobowego, który zakłada, iż o efektywności i konkurencyjności każdego podmiotu decydują odpowiednio dobrane zasoby i umiejętności ich optymalnego wykorzystania. Model biznesu to narzędzie do realizacji strategii organizacji, które wspomaga rozwój oraz zarządzanie strategiczne w przedsiębiorstwie. Dysertacja wypełnia lukę, jaką było wskazanie na zależność pomiędzy kluczowymi kompetencjami przedsiębiorstwa, a możliwościami kreowania przy ich zastosowaniu nowych modeli biznesu. Główny obszar badań stanowiły zasoby niematerialne przedsiębiorstwa stanowiące źródła pochodzenia kluczowych kompetencji. Kolejny obszar badań to określenie struktury modelu biznesu oraz wskazanie wpływu kluczowych kompetencji na strukturę danego modelu. W badaniu zastosowano metodę gromadzenia danych w postaci wywiadu z perspektywy biograficznej w powiązaniu z obserwacją uczestnicząca badaczki oraz netnografię. Efektem badań było opracowanie zbioru dziewięciu kluczowych kompetencji organizacji oraz zestawu wskaźników finansowych i niefinansowych pozwalających ocenić funkcje kluczowych kompetencji, określono istotę modelu biznesu oraz wskazano oddziaływanie kluczowych kompetencji na jego strukturę. Praktycznym wkładem dysertacji są opracowane schematy, mogące stanowić wsparcie dla liderów przedsiębiorstw w ocenie prowadzonej działalności biznesowej.

  • Kłamliwe, udane i błędne metafory sztucznej inteligencji chatbotów
    • Jan Kreft
    • Barbara Cyrek
    2024 Pełny tekst Roczniki Kulturoznawcze

    W czasach, gdy tzw. sztuczna inteligencja staje się integralną częścią dużych modeli języ-kowych, osobistych asystentów czy np. tzw. inteligentnego domu, coraz ważniejsze staje się po-znanie czynników postaw wobec niej i jej narzędzi. Obserwowany świt nowych możliwości identyfikowanych ze sztuczną inteligencją skłania do lepszego poznania metafor, którymi jest opisywana. Metafory stanowią bowiem nie tylko klucz do wyjaśniania nieznanego, ale mają znaczącą wartość heurystyczną, są fundamentem nowoczesnej racjonalności i mogą wypierać ludzki osąd oraz minimalizować uprzedzenia i krytyczną refleksję. Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja metafor oraz rozpoznanie ich performatywnej roli w dysku-sji o sztucznej inteligencji i jej narzędziach. Przedmiotem badania są występujące w opisach me-diów i nowych technologii metafory dominujące oraz mniej znane metafory chatbotów obecne w tekstach dziennikarskich, na przykładzie artykułów opublikowanych w opiniotwórczym The New York Times. W ramach badania identyfikujemy i analizujemy m.in. metafory „platformy”, „sieci”, „umy-słu jako maszyny” oraz ożywione i nieżywione metafory towarzyszące sztucznej inteligencji i jej aktorów. Badamy ich perswazyjny charakter i cele tej perswazji.

  • Knock-out of CD73 delays the onset of HR-negative breast cancer by reprogramming lipid metabolism and is associated with increased tumor mutational burden
    • Paweł Kamil Serafin
    • Marta Popęda
    • Kamila Bulak
    • Agata Zwara
    • Barbara Galikowska-Bogut
    • Anna Przychodzka
    • Adriana Mika
    • Tomasz Śledziński
    • Marcin Stanisławowski
    • Kamila Jendernalik
    • Marika Bolcewicz
    • Wiktoria Laprus
    • Grzegorz Stasiłojć
    • Rafał Sądej
    • Anna Żaczek
    • Leszek Kalinowski
    • Patrycja Koszałka
    2024 Pełny tekst Molecular Metabolism

    Objective: CD73 (ecto-50-nucleotidase, NT5E), a cell-surface enzyme converting 50-AMP to adenosine, is crucial for cancer progression. However, its role in the tumorigenesis process remains mostly obscure. We aimed to demonstrate CD73’s role in breast cancer (BC) tumori- genesis through metabolic rewiring of fatty acid metabolism, a process recently indicated to be regulated by BC major prognostic markers, hormone receptors (HR) for estrogen (ER), and progesterone (PR). Methods: A murine model of chemically induced mammary gland tumorigenesis was applied to analyze CD73 knock-out (KO)-induced changes at the transcriptome (RNA-seq), proteome (IHC, WB), and lipidome (GC-EI-MS) levels. CD73 KO-induced changes were correlated with scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq data for human breast tissues and BCs from public collections and confirmed at the proteome level with IHC or WB analysis of BC tissue microarrays and cell lines. Results: CD73 KO delayed the onset of HR/PR-negative mammary tumors in a murine model. This delay correlated with increased expression of genes related to biosynthesis and b-oxidation of fatty acids (FAs) in the CD73 KO group at the initiation stage. STRING analysis based on RNA-seq data indicated an interplay between CD73 KO, up-regulated expression of PR-coding gene, and DEGs involved in FA metabolism, with PPARg,a main regulator of FA synthesis, as a main connective node. In epithelial cells of mammary glands, PPARg expression correlated with CD73 at the RNA level. With cancer progression, CD73 KO increased the levels of PUFAn3/6 (polyunsaturated omega 3/6 FAs), known ligands of PPARg and target for lipid peroxidation, which may lead to oxidative DNA damage. It correlated with the downregulation of genes involved in cellular stress response (Mlh1, Gsta3), PReor CD73-dependent changes in the intracellular ROS levels and expression or activation of proteins involved in DNA repair or oxidative stress response in mammary tumor or human BC cell lines, increased tumor mutational burden (TMB) and genomic instability markers in CD73 low HR-negative human BCs, and the prolonged onset of tumors in the CD73 KO HR/PR-negative group.

  • Knowledge economics and the demand for higher education
    • Franciszek Kutrzeba
    2024 Pełny tekst Journal of Modern Science

    This article suggests that the decreased demand for higher education in Poland is partially caused due to the changes in consumer preferences. The appearance of a cheap and highly accessible form of knowledge offered by the massive open online courses is presumed here to have an effect on the demand for formal higher education. This article proposes an additional perspective to the research on knowledge consumption, especially in the context of different versions of knowledge. A simple supply and demand framework is used. It suggests, that the appearance of a cheaper substitute to knowledge leads to the increase of its consumption. This article also argues that knowledge, in terms of ideas and innovations, is misleadingly called to be non-rival and non-excludable. Overall, the article calls for a broader understanding of the knowledge market, emphasizing the need for higher education institutions to adapt to the evolving landscape of knowledge production and consumption. The rise of imperfect informational capitalism requires us to rethink the importance of knowledge quality to the modern society.

  • Knowledge management and disaster management in tourism industry
    • Ewa Stolarek-Muszyńska
    • Małgorzata Zięba
    2024 Pełny tekst

    Purpose – This conceptual paper aims to present the results of the literature analysis devoted to the application of knowledge management and its processes in the situation of a crisis caused by a natural disaster. On the basis of the analysed papers, the theoretical model linking knowledge management and crisis management for the tourism industry has been proposed. Findings - The proposed theoretical model presents the role of KM in disaster management and provides the KM-oriented activities at various stages before, during and after a disaster. Due to the severity of potential consequences of natural disasters, both whole regions and particular organisations need to be prepared in advance for their occurrence. This can be done with the help of knowledge management practices which can support tourism companies in developing effective tourism crisis strategies. Design/methodology/approach – This study is based on the analysis of the literature related to natural disasters and the ways how knowledge management and organisational learning can be useful in case of their occurrence, as well as before and after. Originality/value – The paper offers new insights for researchers dealing with the topic of knowledge management processes in the context of disaster management. Practical implications – The practical contribution of this study lies in its potential to guide the tourism industry in leveraging knowledge management for effective crisis preparedness, response, and recovery in the context of natural disasters. Limitations – At this stage of development, the proposed study is of theoretical character. This limitation will be overcome in the future research activities that involve a sample of tourism organisations from various countries and regions.

  • Knowledge Management and Resilience in SMEs Sector
    • Krzysztof Zięba
    2024 Pełny tekst

    Purpose: The aim of this paper is to investigate the role of resilience in surviving major disruptions, such as pandemic or war. This problem is especially vital for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), as they often lack both resources needed for survival during prolonged economic hardship and knowledge management (KM) practices which are useful for developing the necessary business resilience. Methodology: The paper uses literature review approach to investigate the current knowledge on resilience and its dimensions as well as the links between KM, resilience and operational efficiency. Systems Thinking approach is proposed to be used to show the complexity of mechanisms behind those phenomena and the impact they have on business competitiveness in the SMEs sector. Findings: Because of their nature, SMEs were particularly severely hit by the COVID-19 crisis. SMEs now have to adjust to the new reality of the post-crisis phase by developing their business resilience. KM practices prove to offer high potential in resilience creation and resilience maintenance. Specific features of SMEs, if combined with operational agility and resilience, may allow them to successfully face challenges of their turbulent environment.. Research limitations: This paper is of a preliminary, conceptual nature. Its further development includes investigation of various aspects of KM relevant to strengthening business resilience in SMEs. More data is still needed to develop and test full Systems Thinking model based on the framework proposed here. Practical implications: SMEs owners and managers may benefit from this paper, as they may use it as a guidance in the process of developing business resilience in their organisations. The insights provided in this paper may be useful for decision makers and also for businesses offering knowledge-based services, offering them a deeper understanding of the presented phenomena and relations between them.. Originality/value: The paper is focused on SMEs, which are rarely investigated when it comes resilience creation and benefits it offers. The framework presented here provides important insights, which can be useful to numerous stakeholders.

  • Knowledge Sharing and Dynamic Capabilities: Does Gender Matter?
    • Elżbieta Karwowska
    • Wioleta Kucharska
    2024

    Knowledge sharing in organizations is a focal process leading to organizational adaptability and sustainable growth. Dynamic capabilities development is critical for this. Diversity, inclusive culture, and gender balance are seen as factors that also support organizations' development. The question of the role of gender in sharing and using knowledge to initiate change in organizations remains open. This study aims to fill this gap. Based on a survey targeted to Polish knowledge workers (495 cases), our data was analyzed using OLS regression (SPSS PROCESS software ver. 3.4). Our research shows that for a manager position, gender matters for the reconfiguring dynamic capability (DCR) building in the organization, thanks to tacitknowledge sharing (TKS). The results show that female managers support DCR in the organization even if TKS does not support their efforts. If supported, their positive influence on DCR grows but not as fast as observed for men with lower starting skills. So, when holding managerial positions, women lose motivation to support changes. The question that arises is "why"? There are some hypothetical assumptions: it might be that since women worked so hard to earn their managerial positions, they want to secure them and avoid any risks connected to changes. In the particular case presented, women managers' lower willingness to support changes may be also caused by their lower level of self-confidence. However, it might be that the reasons are quite different, thus solving this issue requiresfurther studies. The critical value of the presented research is that it delivers one more proof, this time from the knowledge management (TKS) and change implementation (DCR) perspective, that gender inequality in workplaces has negative consequences for organization.

  • Knowledge Transfer Platform FindFISH – Numerical Forecasting System for the Marine Environment of the Gulf of Gdańsk for Fisheries
    • Lidia Anita Dzierzbicka-Glowacka
    • Maciej Janecki
    • Dawid Dybowski
    • Artur Nowicki
    • Agata Zaborska
    • Piotr Pieckiel
    • Michał Wójcik
    • Tomasz Kuczyński
    • Jacek Wittbrodt
    2024 OCEANOLOGIA

    Fast access to expert knowledge is very valuable, especially in the context of decision-making. Fishermen can use this knowledge to diagnose hydrological and hydrochemical conditions in which fish stocks should be the most abundant. In response to this need, a digital service has been developed. It is a service created within the FindFISH project, which pro- vides the results of all developed models: hydrodynamic, biochemical, and Fish — for selected commercially caught fish species (herring, sprats, cod, and flounder). Our research revealed that the FindFISH service can enhance fishing efficiency and quality by approximately 40%, significantly increasing expected profits. In practical applications, we observed a 50% to 70% concordance between the fishing grounds recorded by fishermen and those identified by the FindFISH Platform. The website runs dynamically in operational mode, allowing visualization of forecasts in the form of maps, time series, spatial data, and tables.

  • Kompleksowa ocena nośności ramowego wiaduktu żelbetowego. Uaktualnienie parametrów modelu na podstawie badań eksperymentalnych
    • Krzysztof Żółtowski
    • Przemysław Kalitowski
    • Mikołaj Binczyk
    2024 Inżynieria i Budownictwo

    W artykule opisano stosunkowo prostą metodę aktualizacji parametrów modelu na podstawie obciążeń próbnych. Podczas ponownych badań obciążeniowych, przeprowadzonych po 12 latach eksploatacji, stworzono model, którego parametry, w tym wytrzymałość betonu na rozciąganie oraz pozioma sztywność podpór, zostały zaktualizowane na podstawie testów odbiorczych. Przeprowadzono analizę parametryczną, uwzględniając nieliniowe obliczenia z możliwością zarysowania żelbetu. Zarejestrowano symulowane wartości ugięć całkowitych, sprężystych i trwałych. Na ich podstawie wybrano parametry modelu. Określone parametry zastosowano do projektowania obciążenia próbnego w 2023 roku, które następnie zostało przeprowadzone. Uzyskano dobrą zgodność wyników teoretycznych z eksperymentalnymi na średnim poziomie 90,4%.

  • Krajobraz wiejski i pamięć zbiorowa
    • Anna Górka
    2024 Zawód: Architekt

    Źródła trwających od lat barbarzyńskich praktyk, jakim poddawany jest wiejski krajobraz, należałoby szukać m.in. w zbiorowej „utracie pamięci”. Szansą na przywrócenie ładu przestrzennego na obszarach wiejskich byłby wówczas mit, nadający społeczną wartość zasobom ich krajobrazów i na tej bazie rozwijający tożsamość modernizowanej wsi. Esej podejmuje wybrane wątki tekstu pt. Krajobraz kulturowy wsi jako nośnik mitu, który ukazał się w monografii Niematerialne wartości krajobrazów kulturowych, w czasopiśmie „Prace Komisji Krajobrazu Kulturowego”, nr 15 z 2011 r.

  • Krajowe laboratorium sieci i usług PL, 5G: kierunki badań i perspektywy rozwoju techniki 5G/6G
    • Andrzej Bęben
    • Maciej Sosnowski
    • Wotold Jóźwiak
    • Józef Woźniak
    • Krzysztof Gierłowski
    • Michał Hoeft
    • Marek Natkaniec
    • Piotr Boryło
    • Bartosz Belter
    • Maksymilian Furmann
    • Schauer Patryk
    • Łukasz Falas
    • Arkadiusz Warzyński
    • Igor Michalski
    • Dariusz Więcek
    2024 Pełny tekst Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne

    Artykuł przedstawia unikatową infrastrukturę badawczą PL 5G opracowaną w ramach projektu „ krajowe laboratorium sieci i usług 5G wraz z otoczeniem” oraz kierunki badań dotyczących techniki 5G oraz przyszłej sieci 6g. Laboratorium umożliwia prowadzenie praktycznych eksperymentów, w środowisku zbliżonym do warunków sieci operatorskiej, dotyczących rozwoju techniki 5G/6G, a także szerokiego spektrum jej zastosowań w środowiskach terenowych, tj. morskim, lotniczym, przemysłowym czy miejskim. przedstawiono również przykładowe eksperymenty wykorzystujące rozważaną infrastrukturę.

  • Kriging-assisted hybrid reliability design and optimization of offshore wind turbine support structure based on a portfolio allocation strategy
    • Debiao Meng
    • Hengfei Yang
    • Shiyuan Yang
    • Yuting Zhang
    • Abílio M.P. De Jesus
    • José A.F.O. Correia
    • Tiago Fazeres-Ferradosa
    • Wojciech Macek
    • Ricardo Branco
    • Shun-Peng Zhu
    2024 OCEAN ENGINEERING

    In recent years, offshore wind power generation technology has developed rapidly around the world, making important contributions to the further development of renewable energy. When designing an Offshore Wind Turbine (OWT) system, the uncertainties in parameters and different types of constraints need to be considered to find the optimal design of these systems. Therefore, the Reliability-Based Design Optimization (RBDO) method is usually adopted to ensure the stability and reliability of the design scheme. However, the calculation cost is huge in the RBDO problem considering mixed uncertainties. The Kriging model is a widely used approximation technique to reduce the computational cost in RBDO. However, establishing a sufficiently accurate Kriging model for a complex engineering system often requires the collection of more sample data and more time-consuming performance evaluation. In order to solve this problem, this study proposes a hybrid RBDO method based on a Portfolio allocation strategy. Based on ensuring the accuracy of the Kriging model, this method requires fewer iterations than the previous method of iteratively establishing the Kriging model using the same learning function. Furthermore, the optimal design of the system can be completed in a shorter time. This has great application potential to reduce the time labor and material costs spent in the design process of OWT. Two mathematical examples and two engineering examples are used to verify the accuracy of the method. Then, the proposed method is used in the design and optimization of a typical OWT support structure, showing the method's feasibility and superiority.

  • Lab-in-syringe as a practical technique for automatic microextraction: Evaluation by Blue Applicability Grade Index
    • Natalia Manousi
    • Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
    • Erwin Rosenberg
    • Aristidis Anthemidis
    2024 TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

    Lab-in-syringe (LIS) is a powerful automatic technique that is derived from sequential injection analysis. In LIS, a computer-controlled syringe pump is employed, and its syringe barrel serves as a mixing, reaction, and/or extraction chamber. Until now, the LIS concept has been efficiently employed for the automation of solid-phase microextraction and liquid-phase microextraction protocols as a front-end to a plethora of chromatographic and spectrometric techniques. In this work, the applicability of LIS systems was examined using the Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI), a recently introduced metric tool that is used to examine the applicability of an analytical method. For this purpose, the sample preparation procedure and the instrumental method are thoroughly evaluated. The attained BAGI scores ranged between 60.0 and 77.5 for all the examined methods, while the average score was 71.3. As derived from the BAGI evaluation, good practicality can be attributed to the reviewed systems and protocols.