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Elektryczne i magnetyczne statyczne podatności multipolowe jednoelektronowego atomu Diraca w stanie podstawowym
- Grzegorz Łukasik
W rozprawie rozważono relatywistyczny atom jednoelektronowy w stanie podstawowym umieszczony w statycznym multipolowym polu elektrycznym i magnetycznym. Wykorzystano rachunek zaburzeń, wraz z rozwinięciem sturmowskim uogólnionej funkcji Greena-Diraca-Coulomba [R. Szmytkowski, JPhys. B 30 (1997) 825; errata 30 (1997) 2747], co umożliwiło wyznaczenie analitycznych wyrażeń dla podatności multipolowych pól dalekich i pól bliskich. Poszczególne formuły porównano z ich kwazirelatywstycznymi i nierelatywstycznymi odpowiednikami.
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ELEMENTY ZARZĄDZANIA OPERACYJNEGO RUCHEM DROGOWYM W MIASTACH
- Marek Wirkus
- Ewa Kusio
Zwiększenie rangi zarządzania operacyjnego wynika z nacisków na szeroko rozumianą jakość, ciągłe doskonalenie oraz postrzegania organizacji jako takiej, która może odnieść sukces tylko wtedy, gdy wytwarza produkty, których oczekują klienci. Również w przypadku zarządzania ruchem drogowym w miastach zagadnienie zarządzania operacyjnego nabiera coraz większego znaczenia, gdyż każdy zarządzający ruchem powinien dostarczać produkt który spełnia wymagania i oczekiwania użytkowników dróg. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest identyfikacja elementów składowych i relacji jakie między nimi występują w obszarze zarządzania operacyjnego ruchem drogowym we współczesnym mieście oraz określenie elementów charakterystycznych. Podjęto się to wykonać opierając się na teorii systemów, analizie literatury, studium przypadku i obserwacji praktyki. W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienie zarządzania ruchem drogowym oraz zarządzania operacyjnego według literatury. Następnie dokonano identyfikacji elementów składowych i relacji jakie między nimi występują w obszarze zarządzania operacyjnego ruchem drogowym dla przypadku Gdańska. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań wskazano charakterystyczne elementy i relacje w obszarze zarządzania operacyjnego ruchem drogowym w miastach oraz określono dalszy kierunek badań.
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Elimination and migration of hydrogen in the vacuum-ultraviolet photodissociation of pyridine molecules
- Tomasz Wąsowicz
- Iwona Dąbkowska
- Antti Kivimäki
- Marcello Coreno
- Mariusz Zubek
Elimination of the excited hydrogen atoms H(n), n = 4–7, and hydrogen migration in formation of the excited NH(A 3Π) free radicals in the photodissociation of pyridine, C5H5N, molecules have been studied over the 17.5–70 eV photon energy range. In the measurements the photon-induced fluorescence spectroscopy technique has been applied. Both fragments are produced through excitation of pyridine molecules into higher-lying superexcited Rydberg or doubly excited states. The mechanisms for fragmentation of pyridine into H(n) and NH(A 3Π) are discussed. Ab initio quantum chemical calculations have been performed to elucidate the hydrogen migration mechanism in the NH formation, which is not a self-contained unit in the structure of pyridine.
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EM-Driven Multi-Objective Design of Impedance Transformers By Pareto Ranking Bisection Algorithm
- Adrian Bekasiewicz
- Sławomir Kozieł
- Qingsha Cheng
- John Bandler
In the paper, the problem of fast multi-objective optimization of compact impedance matching transformers is addressed by utilizing a novel Pareto ranking bisection algorithm. It approximates the Pareto front by dividing line segments connecting the designs found in the previous iterations, and refining the obtained candidate solutions by means of poll-type search involving Pareto ranking. The final Pareto set is obtained using surrogate-based optimization techniques. Our approach is validated using a compact impedance matching transformer and compared to state-of-the-art surrogate-assisted techniques.
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Emission of 1.3–10 nm airborne particles from brake materials
- Oleksii Nosko
- Joonas Vanhanen
- Ulf Olofsson
Operation of transport vehicle brakes makes a significant contribution to airborne particulate matter in urban areas, which is subject of numerous studies due to the environmental concerns. We investigated the presence and number fractions of 1.3–10 nm airborne particles emitted from a low-metallic car brake material (LM), a non-asbestos organic car brake material (NAO) and a train brake cast iron against a cast iron. Particles were generated by a pin-on-disc machine in a sealed chamber and analyzed using a nano condensation nucleus counter, a CPC, and an FMPS. It was found that 1.3–4.4 nm particles are emitted during the friction. For the pairs with the LM and NAO, 1.3–4.4 nm particles predominate in number at temperatures above 160 C. The emission of the 1.3–4.4 nm particles precedes the emission of above 4.4 nm particles. For the cast iron pair, the number of 1.3–4.4 nm particles is smaller than the number of 4.4–10 nm particles. The findings suggest that brake materials produce a significant number of 1.3–4.4 nm airborne particles, and these particles should not be neglected in environmental and tribological studies.
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Emotions Embodied in the SVC of an Autonomous Driver System
- Zdzisław Kowalczuk
- Michał Czubenko
A concept of embodied intelligence (EI) is considered. None of such implementations can be fully identified with artificial intelligence. Projects that dare to approach AI and EI should be based on both the AI concepts (symbolic and sub-symbolic), in solving real problems of perception and decision-making. Therefore, the EI, in this paper, is understood as a methodology that uses all available resources and algorithms from the analytic and synthetic approaches, in order to implement an intelligent and autonomous agent.
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Energetyka odnawialna i efektywność energetyczna na terenach portowych – przegląd studiów przypadku europejskich portów
- Marcin Włodarski
Porty morskie stanowią istotną siłę napędową lokalnej gospodarki lecz są także źródłem emisji zanieczyszczeń gazowych i hałasu generowanego przez statki, pojazdy i urządzenia portowe. Jednocześnie posiadają potencjał dla działań związanych z redukcją emisji zanieczyszczeń oraz dzięki swojej lokalizacji oraz ekspozycji możliwość wykorzystania odnawialnych źródeł energii. Badania portów prowadzone przez European Sea Ports Organization, wskazują na rosnącą świadomość portów w obszarach związanych z zanieczyszczeniem powietrza, zużyciem energii oraz hałasem. Programując i wdrażając działania w zakresie energetyki zrównoważonej, porty wspierają macierzyste miasta w działaniach poprawiających jakość życia w mieście oraz działaniach realizowanych przez lokalne społeczności, mające na celu adaptację oraz przeciwdziałanie zmianom klimatu. Lokalne strategie i programy ochrony klimatu stanowią ramy dla inicjatyw dotyczących bezpośrednio aspektów energetycznych. Skuteczność przedsięwzięć realizowanych przez porty w wymienionym zakresie jest zależna od takich uwarunkowań jak struktura własności oraz model zarządzania portem, które to determinują możliwości zarządów portów, w obszarze inicjowania i realizacji przedsięwzięć z zakresu energetyki zrównoważonej. Artykuł analizuje przykłady trzech europejskich portów – Hamburga, Eemshaven i Genui oraz ocenia skuteczność działań realizowanych na ich obszarach przez pryzmat modeli zarządzania portem. Analiza kryteriów efektywności działań realizowanych przez porty oraz miasta lub regiony, podkreśla konieczność szerokiej współpracy interesariuszy, którymi oprócz portów i lokalnych/regionalnych samorządów są instytucje państwowe oraz rządy centralne. Doświadczenia analizowanych portów wskazują na większą skuteczność działań podejmowanych przez porty, które stanowią własność samorządów realizujących lokalne strategie adaptacji i przeciwdziałania zmianom klimatu oraz w warunkach szerokiej współpracy interesariuszy.
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ENERGY EFFICIENT AND ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY HYBRID CONVERSION OF INLAND PASSENGER VESSEL
- Wojciech Litwin
- Wojciech Leśniewski
- Jakub Kowalski
The development and growing availability of modern technologies, along with more and more severe environment protection standards which frequently take a form of legal regulations, are the reason why attempts are made to find a quiet and economical propulsion system not only for newly built watercraft units, but also for modernised ones. Correct selection of the propulsion and supply system for a given vessel affects significantly not only the energy efficiency of the propulsions system but also the environment – as this selection is crucial for the noise and exhaust emission levels. The paper presents results of experimental examination of ship power demand performed on a historic passenger ship of 25 m in length. Two variants, referred to as serial and parallel hybrid propulsion systems, were examined with respect to the maximum length of the single-day route covered by the ship. The recorded power demands and environmental impact were compared with those characteristic for the already installed conventional propulsion system. Taking into account a high safety level expected to be ensured on a passenger ship, the serial hybrid system was based on two electric motors working in parallel and supplied from two separate sets of batteries. This solution ensures higher reliability, along with relatively high energy efficiency. The results of the performed examination have revealed that the serial propulsion system is the least harmful to the environment, but its investment cost is the highest. In this context, the optimum solution for the ship owner seems to be a parallel hybrid system of diesel-electric type.
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Energy storage device based on flywheel, power converters and Simulink real-time
- Frede Blaabjerg
- Bartosz Kedra
- Robert Małkowski
This electronic document is a “live” template and already defines the components of your paper [title, text, heads, etc.] in its style sheet. Paper presents information on Energy Storage Device based on Flywheel and bi-directional IGBT Power Converters – designed for LINTE^2 laboratory owned by Gdansk University of Technology in Poland. Paper is divided into four sections. First section of the paper provides introductory information on the Energy Storage Device and its capabilities. In the second section of the paper concept of the unit is presented. Requirements for the unit are described as well as proposed and introduced functions are listed. Implementation details are given in third section of paper. Hardware structure is presented and described. Information about used communication interface, data maintenance and storage solution, as well as used Simulink realtime features are presented. List and description of all measurements is provided. In the last section of the paper results of experiments using Energy Storage Device based on Flywheel and Power Converters performed in laboratory are presented
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Enhanced photocatalytic properties of lanthanide-TiO2 nanotubes: An experimental and theoretical study
- Paweł Mazierski
- Wojciech Lisowski
- Tomasz Grzyb
- Michał Jerzy Winiarski
- Tomasz Klimczuk
- Alicja Mikołajczyk
- Jakub Flisikowski
- Adam Hirsch
- Agnieszka Kołakowska
- Tomasz Puzyn
- Adriana Zaleska-Medynska
- Joanna Nadolna
A series of Er-, Yb-, Ho-, Tb-, Gd-, Pr-TiO2 nanotubes (RE-NTs) was prepared via an electrochemical method. The as-prepared photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV–vis absorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and luminescent spectroscopy. The experiments demonstrated that toluene in the gas phase was successfully degraded under visible light (LEDs λmax = 465 nm) using RE-NTs. In the presence of the most active sample (Ho-NTs), the photodegradation of toluene reached 30% after 60 min of vis irradiation. To investigate the localization of RE in the TiO2 structure, computer simulations were performed using the plane-wave-based Vienna ab-initio simulation package (VASP) implementing spin-polarized density-functional theory (DFT) and the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). It is proposed that during the electrochemical process, TiO2 systems with new Ho-f states below the conduction band of TiO2 is formed. The photocatalytic activity under Vis irradiation is attributable not to radical dotOH but to other forms of reactive oxygen species (O2radical dot−, HO2radical dot, H2O2).
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Enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity of Pt/I-TiO2 in a slurry system and supported on glass packing
- Anna Zielińska-Jurek
- Maciej Klein
- Jan Hupka
Highly photoactive I/TiO2, Pt/I-TiO2 nanocomposites were obtained using a hydrothermal and wet impregnation method. The incorporation of iodine and modification with 0.05 mol% of platinum leads to enhanced photocatalytic activity as compared to singly doped TiO2 due to the presence of impurity energy level in the structure of TiO2. X-ray diffraction, TEM microscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and BET methods showed that the most active photocatalyst had anatase structure, 187 m2/g specific surface area, absorbed UV–Vis light and contained 3 nm platinum particles. XPS analysis revealed that iodine exists in the form of I¯ and IO3¯ species and platinum was present as Pt and PtO2. The photocatalytic activity of Pt/I-TiO2 nanocomposite was maintained after 4 runs, suggesting stability and reusability of the obtained photocatalyst. The efficiency of degradation of model organic compound was measured in a slurry type photoreactor as well as in a fixed-bed photoreactor equipped with parabolic mirror with Pt/I-TiO2 immobilized on glass beads or glass Raschig rings.
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Enhancing Product Innovation Through Smart Innovation Engineering System
- Mohammad Waris
- Cesar Sanin
- Edward Szczerbicki
This paper illustrates the idea of Smart Innovation Engineering (SIE) System that helps in carrying the process of product innovation. The SIE system collects the experiential knowledge from the formal decisional events. This experiential knowledge is collected from the set of similar products having some common functions and features. Due to the fact that SIE system collects, captures and reuses the experiential knowledge of all the similar products apart from the knowledge about new technological advancements, it behaves like a group of experts in its domain. Through this system, the innovation process of manufactured products can be greatly enhanced. Moreover, entrepreneurs and manufacturing organizations will be able to take proper, enhanced decisions and most importantly at appropriate time. The expertise of SIE System is ever increasing as every decision taken is stored in the form of set of experience that can be used in future for similar queries.
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ENTERPRISE ACTIVITIES MODELING BY BPMN NOTATION
- Henryk Krawczyk
- Narek Parsamyan
Depending on the process behavior, available know-how and organizational goals, different techniques and tools can be used for business process modeling. We concentrate on e-commerce, and try to find the best marketing strategy for the sales process improvement. In the paper we present the multilayer approach to define enterprise scenarios. This allows us to collect the suitable knowledge necessary for enterprise analysis and improvement. Moreover, we use BPMN notation to formalize this approach and show its capability for the concrete example of an e-shop.
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Enterprise Gamification - Learning as a Side Effect of Competition
- Cezary Graul
- Jacek Wachowicz
- Ryszard Bielski
- Karol Kufel
- Mariusz Żółtowski
Gmification in companies can be used for driving desired employees behaviour that are advantageous to their development and performance improvement. This paper presents tools acquired from online social networking services and game mechanisms to encourage managers to compete by providing extended statistics and user profiles features in e-learning system.
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Entrepreneurship after the Age of Sixty–Five? Reflections of Third Age University students
- Anita Richert-Kaźmierska
- Alicja Polańska
The common synonyms for entrepreneurship usually include such concepts as creativity, innovation, and activity. These, in turn, are more often associated with youth rather than people of older age (Górniak, 2013). On the basis of literature research and interviews conducted with students from the Sopot School of Social Psychology of the University of the Third Age, the authors determined that among individuals aged over 65 entrepreneurship usually manifests itself differently than in its classical understanding, i.e. running and managing an enterprise. It tends to mean broadly understood social and educational activity.
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Entrepreneurship in Virtual Economy: the Case of Currency One SA
- Magdalena Brzozowska-Woś
- Ewa Badzińska
Purpose: The scientific purpose of the study is an attempted synthesis of interpretation of “the virtual economy” and “the virtual environment” in the Polish and foreign literature on the subject. The cognitive purpose thereof is to offer an identification and a qualitative analysis of the factors that determine the development of e-entrepreneurship using an example of business practice. Methodology: The theoretical basis of the study is a scientific research of leading scholars on the theory of entrepreneurship in the context of virtual economy. An exploratory, qualitative case study methodology has been applied for the purpose thereof. The research has been conducted using the example of Currency One SA, operating on the currency exchange market in virtual economy. The application of the empirical method of a case study has made it possible to characterize the essence of e-entrepreneurship and present the studied phenomenon in business practice. Findings: Research results reveal an existence of interdependencies between the intellectual potential of staff members and the market success of a company. Explanation of the critical success factors, showing the implementation of innovative ICT solutions and stages of company development, illustrates how the existing theory is experienced by practitioners in virtual economy. Furthermore, the paper confirms the positive impact of e-entrepreneurship on the effectiveness of the company subject to analysis, and presents virtual economy as a completely new sphere through which it is possible to offer new products and services. Research implications: The rationale for conducting research on case studies is the need to orient the practice towards a better understanding of modern economic reality. The study may provide a starting point for empirical quantitative research, as well as act as a contribution to the discussion on entrepreneurship in the rapidly changing virtual economy. Originality: This paper comprises not only a set of notions related to and the concept of e-business models, but also offers new arguments in the discussion on the framework for entrepreneurship in virtual economy. The conducted research is an original attempt to explain the essence of the studied phenomenon and to illustrate its progress in a changing business environment.
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Environmental aspects of coastal earth structures made of soil-ash composites
- Rafał Ossowski
This paper presents an innovative technology of building the coastal dams with the use of soil-ash composites. A natural- scale test stand and results of the performed environmental tests are presented ; they have been compared with standards for purity of soils and waters. Also, an analysis of the obtained results and discussion of trends and anomalies in the observations, are given.
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ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION OF DISSIMILAR AUSTENITIC 316L AND DUPLEX 2205 STAINLESS STEELS WELDED JOINTS
- Santina Topolska
- Jerzy Łabanowski
The paper describes structure and properties of dissimilar stainless steels welded joints between duplex 2205 and austenitic 316L steels. Investigations were focused on environmentally assisted cracking of welded joints. The susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and hydrogen embrittlement was determined in slow strain rate tests (SSRT) with the strain rate of 2.2 × 10–6 s–1. Chloride-inducted SCC was determined in the 35% boiling water solution of MgCl2 environment at 125°C. Hydrogen assisted SCC tests were performed in synthetic sea water under cathodic polarization condition. It was shown that place of the lowest resistance to chloride stress corrosion cracking is heat affected zone at duplex steel side of dissimilar joins. That phenomenon was connected with undesirable structure of HAZ comprising of large fractions of ferrite grains with acicular austenite phase. Hydrogen assisted SCC tests showed significant reduction in ductility of duplex 2205 steel while austenitic 316L steel remains almost immune to degradation processes. SSR tests of dissimilar welded joints revealed a fracture in the area of austenitic steel.
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Environmental impact and industrial development of biorenewable resources for polyurethanes
- Paulina Parcheta
- Janusz Datta
Polyurethanes are among the most developed types of polymers. They are produced from the three primary components, i.e., polyols, low-molecular-weight glycols used as chain extenders, and diisocyanates. Until recently, all these substrates have been obtained via petrochemical processes. A decrease in petroleum-based resources and new ecological trends in chemistry, chemical technology, and materials engineering have generated increasing interest in the utilization of biorenewables for producing polymers. This paper aims to critically comment on the environmental impact of the replacement of petroleum-based components by bio-based chemicals in reference to the polyurethane synthesis.