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  • Potyczki algorytmiczne, czyli Alicja i Bogdan w nowych sytuacjach. Alicja i Bogdan w naleśnikarni
    • Marek Kubale
    2022 Pismo PG

    Niniejszym esejem inaugurujemy , po kilkuletniej przerwie, nową serię zagadek algorytmicznych.Pierwszy odcinek nosi nazwę Alicja i Bogdan w naleśnikarni.

  • Pounding between high-rise buildings with different structural arrangements
    • Mahmoud Miari
    • Robert Jankowski
    2022

    Earthquake-induced structural pounding has led to significant damages during previous earthquakes. This paper investigates the effect of pounding on the dynamic response of colliding high-rise buildings with different structural arrangements. Three 3-D buildings are considered in the study, including 5-storey building, 7-storey building and 9-storey building. Three pounding scenarios are also taken into account, i.e. pounding between 5-storey and 7-storey buildings, pounding between 5-storey and 9-storey buildings and pounding between 7-storey and 9-storey buildings. These three pounding scenarios are studied and compared with the no pounding case. The results show that the level of accelerations of colliding buildings significantly increases for all scenarios, as compared to the no pounding case. At the same time, displacements experience both increase and decrease, while the peak storey shears experience an increase due to pounding with few exceptions regarding the top storeys. Finally, pounding leads to the generation of dangerous impact forces with higher peak values experienced in taller buildings.

  • Power Converter Solutions for Industrial PV Applications—A Review
    • Ievgen Verbytskyi
    • Mykola Lukianov
    • Kawsar Nassereddine
    • Bohdan Pakhaliuk
    • Oleksandr Husev
    • Ryszard Strzelecki
    2022 Pełny tekst ENERGIES

    : As the use of photovoltaics becomes more widespread, new technologies for more efficient energy generation, transmission, and distribution based on power electronics converters are being developed. The most common applications are grid-on, energy storage, hybrid, and high voltage gain applications. These applications impose several additional requirements in the design of power converters associated with the solar battery’s maximum power tracking and operation in a wide range of input currents and voltages. The practical realization of such solutions can be implemented on the basis of various topologies, which requires a preliminary application of criteria for assessing their effectiveness. The paper conducts a comparison of different topologies on power converters based on two parameters that describe their cost and power loss for various PV applications. For a straightforward study, these parameters are represented using the gain factor, which allows for an accurate comparison of the efficiency of various types of converters.

  • Power efficient thrust allocation algorithms in design of dynamically positioned ships
    • Agnieszka Piekło
    • Anna Witkowska
    • Tomasz Zubowicz
    2022

    Assessment of power consumption on a Dynamically Positioned (DP) ship in the early design stage can assist crucial design choices. The study presents a comparison between two algorithms of optimal thrust allocation in a propulsion system for an over-actuated DP ship. Applied algorithms were Quadratic Programming (QP) and Non- dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGAII). Based on both approaches, tools were developed for ship design purposes. Based on a case study, QP optimization is more suited for universal use and fast analysis of many designs. With adequate optimization of NSGAII parameters, this algorithm can be effective for DP simulations at specified weather conditions. This is due to the possibility of application of original functions describing the DP problem, which is not possible in the case of QP optimization, where the problem needs to be simplified

  • Power Hardware-In-the-Loop Approach for Autonomous Power Generation System Analysis
    • Szymon Racewicz
    • Filip Kutt
    • Łukasz Sienkiewicz
    2022 Pełny tekst ENERGIES

    The article presents the Power Hardware-In-the-Loop (PHIL) dynamic model of a synchronous generator of 125 kVA for autonomous power generation system analysis. This type of system is typically composed of electrical energy sources in the form of several diesel generator units with synchronous machines, the main distribution switchboard and different loads. In modern power distribution systems, the proposed power management strategies are typically aimed at the minimization of fuel consumption by maintaining the operation of diesel generator units at peak efficiency. In order to design and test such a system in conditions as close as possible to the real operating conditions, without constructing an actual power distribution system, a PHIL model in the form of a power inverter that emulates the behaviour of a real synchronous generator is proposed. The PHIL model was prepared in the MATLAB/Simulink environment, compiled to the C language and fed into a 150 kVA bidirectional DC/AC commercial-grade converter driven by a HIL real-time simulation control unit. Experimental research was performed in the LINTE2 laboratory of the Gdańsk University of Technology (Poland), where the PHIL emulator was developed. The proposed model was validated by comparing the output voltages and currents as well as an excitation current with the measurements performed on the 125 kVA synchronous generator. The obtained results proved satisfactory compliance of the PHIL model with its real counterpart.

  • Powłoki malarskie w ochronie przeciwkorozyjnej. Zasady stosowania i kontrola jakości
    • Andrzej Miszczyk
    • Michał Szociński
    • Kazimierz Darowicki
    2022

    W książce przedstawiono podstawowe zasady wykonywania i kontroli jakości przeciwkorozyjnych wymalowań malarskich na konstrukcjach stalowych. Opracowanie powstało na bazie wykładów i zajęć praktycznych dla studentów Wydziału Chemicznego Politechniki Gdańskiej prowadzonych przez Katedrę Elektrochemii, Korozji i Inżynierii Materiałowej oraz realizowanych w ramach prac Katedry od około 12 lat kursów dla inspektorów powłok malarskich. Dotyczą one nadzoru wykonywania zabezpieczeń powłokowych na statkach morskich, w szczególności w zbiornikach balastowych. Kursy te są certyfikowane przez firmę DNV z siedzibą w Høvik w Norwegii, będącą znanym, międzynarodowym, akredytowanym towarzystwem klasyfikacyjnym. Prezentowane zasady omówiono na przykładzie konstrukcji morskich, jednak obowiązują one w przypadku każdej konstrukcji stalowej. Przedstawione w książce wymagania stawiane wykonawcom prezentują – zgodnie z obecnym stanem wiedzy i doświadczeń – optymalny poziom pod względem trwałości zabezpieczenia przeciwkorozyjnego. Książka została zaopatrzona w spis norm oraz słowniki terminów specjalistycznych: angielsko-niemiecko-polski i polsko-angielsko-niemiecki.

  • Powojenny rozdział w historii architektury i zagospodarowania portu gdyńskiego
    • Anna Orchowska-Smolińska
    2022

    The port of Gdynia, considered one of the largest civil construction projects of the 20th century in Europe, was built at an express pace for only a dozen or so years from the mid-1920s to the end of the 1930s. Unusual solutions from the construction period in the port engineering category, as well as outstanding architectural works The industrial area quickly became architectural symbols of economic growth and the general rebirth of Poland after 1918. In April 1945, the Poles took over the property of the port after the war found a picture of the ruins and destruction of the port, mainly the result of deliberate plantings carried out on the orders of Adolf Hitler in the last 10 days before the capitulation of the Germans. The devastation of individual elements of the port infrastructure and buildings was assessed at the level from 25% to 100%. Post-war reconstruction of the port from damage, in the years 1945-1947 not only the losses were inventoried, but also significant decisions were made as to whether the building was to be rebuilt or a new investment was planned in its place. Studies on this subject show that the investment reconstruction of the port did not continue the boldly outlined pre-war development plans, but from the point of view of its architecture, a new page in its history definitely opened up for this industrial complex.

  • Prace doktorskie, habilitacje oraz profesury o tematyce chemii analitycznej i pokrewnej w 2021 r.
    • Marek Biziuk
    • Żaneta Polkowska
    2022 Analityka: Nauka i Praktyka

    Publikacja zawiera zestawienie prac doktorskich, habilitacji oraz profesur o tematyce chemii analitycznej i pokrewnej w 2021 r.,

  • Praseodymium Orthoniobate and Praseodymium Substituted Lanthanum Orthoniobate: Electrical and Structural Properties
    • Kacper Dzierzgowski
    • Sebastian Wachowski
    • Marcin Łapiński
    • Aleksandra Mielewczyk-Gryń
    • Maria Gazda
    2022 Pełny tekst Materials

    In this paper, the structural properties and the electrical conductivity of La1−xPrxNbO4+δ (x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.3) and PrNbO4+δ are presented and discussed. All synthesized samples crystallized in a monoclinic structure with similar thermal expansion coefficients. The phase transition temperature between the monoclinic and tetragonal structure increases with increasing praseodymium content from 500 ◦C for undoped LaNbO4+δ to 700 ◦C for PrNbO4+δ. Thermogravimetry, along with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, confirmed a mixed 3+/4+ oxidation state of praseodymium. All studied materials, in humid air, exhibited mixed protonic, oxygen ionic and hole conductivity. The highest total conductivity was measured in dry air at 700 ◦C for PrNbO4+δ, and its value was 1.4 · 10−3 S/cm.

  • Precipitation of calcium carbonate in the presence of rhamnolipids in alginate hydrogels as a model of biomineralization
    • Natalia Czaplicka
    • Donata Konopacka-Łyskawa
    • Agata Nowotnik
    • Aleksandra Mielewczyk-Gryń
    • Marcin Łapiński
    • Rafał Bray
    2022 Pełny tekst COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES

    This paper reports the effects of rhamnolipids presence in the alginate hydrogel and CO32- solution, on the precipitation of CaCO3 in the Ca2+ loaded alginate hydrogel. Characteristics of the formed particles are discussed. Model conditions containing alginate hydrogel and rhamnolipids were used in order to mimic the natural environment of biomineralization in biofilms. It has been shown that rhamnolipids affect the characteristics of precipitated calcium carbonate effect of using these biosurfactants depends on their concentration as well as whether they are directly present in the hydrogel matrix or the carbonate solution surrounding the hydrogel. The greatest effect compared to the control samples was found for the rhamnolipids in the form of micelles directly present in the hydrogel with the CaCl2 cross-linked solution at concentration of 0.05 M. These conditions result in the highest increase in vaterite content, specific surface area, and pore volume. The mechanism of CaCO3 precipitation in alginate hydrogel containing rhamnolipids has been proposed.

  • Precypitacja węglanu wapnia metodą karbonatyzacji z dodatkiem glicerolu w obecności wybranych promotorów absorpcji CO2
    • Natalia Czaplicka
    • Donata Konopacka-Łyskawa
    • Barbara Kościelska
    • Marcin Łapiński
    2022

    Jednym ze sposobów produkcji węglanu wapnia jest metoda gaz-ciecz, w której jako reagent stosuje się gazowy CO2 oraz roztwór soli wapnia, do którego dodawane są związki sprzyjające absorpcji CO2, tzw. promotory. Reakcja z gazowym CO2 jest specyficzna, ponieważ powstawanie jonów wodorowęglanowych podczas absorpcji CO2 z reakcją chemiczną jest etapem decydującym o szybkości procesu strącania CaCO3. Celem niniejszej pracy było określenie wpływu glicerolu na przebieg wytrącania CaCO3 oraz charakterystykę wytworzonych cząstek metodą karbonatyzacji. Proces prowadzono w temperaturze pokojowej pod ciśnieniem atmosferycznym w reaktorze typu gas(CO2)-lift z cyrkulacją wewnętrzną. Mieszaninę reakcyjną stanowił roztwór CaCl2 zawierający 0, 5 lub 10% (obj.) glicerolu oraz promotor absorpcji CO2 w postaci amoniaku lub trietanoloaminy (TEA). Otrzymaną zawiesinę cząstek CaCO3 podzielono na dwie części. Pierwszą porcję przesączono natychmiast po zakończeniu reakcji, natomiast drugą rozdzielono po 1 godzinie. W celu scharakteryzowania otrzymanych cząstek określono ich skład polimorficzny, powierzchnię właściwą oraz morfologię. Największą powierzchnię właściwą miały próbki otrzymane w roztworach zawierających NH3, co jest skorelowane z zawartością waterytu. Dodatek glicerolu do mieszaniny reakcyjnej wpływa na szybkość absorpcji CO2 do układu oraz na szybkość dyfuzji jonów w mieszaninie reakcyjnej. Zatem im wyższe stężenie glicerolu tym dłuższy czas reakcji strącania. Ponadto dla zastosowanych stężeń glicerolu nie obserwowano stabilizacji metastabilnego waterytu.

  • Predicting Ice Phenomena in a River Using the Artificial Neural Network and Extreme Gradient Boosting
    • Renata Graf
    • Tomasz Kolerski
    • Senlin Zhu
    2022 Pełny tekst Resources-Basel

    Forecasting ice phenomena in river systems is of great importance because these phenomena are a fundamental part of the hydrological regime. Due to the stochasticity of ice phenomena, their prediction is a difficult process, especially when data sets are sparse or incomplete. In this study, two machine learning models—Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network (MLPNN) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost)—were developed to predict ice phenomena in the Warta River in Poland in a temperate climate zone. Observational data from eight river gauges during the period 1983–2013 were used. The performance of the model was evaluated using four model fit measures. The results showed that the choice of input variables influenced the accuracy of the developed models. The most important predictors were the nature of phenomena on the day before an observation, as well as water and air temperatures; river flow and water level were less important for predicting the formation of ice phenomena. The modeling results showed that both MLPNN and XGBoost provided promising results for the prediction of ice phenomena. The research results of the present study could also be useful for predicting ice phenomena in other regions.

  • Prediction of Bioactive Peptides From Chicken Feather and Pig Hair Keratins Using In Silico Analysis Based on Fragmentomic Approach
    • Antoni Taraszkiewicz
    • Izabela Sinkiewicz
    • Agata Sommer
    • Małgorzata Dąbrowska
    • Hanna Staroszczyk
    2022 Pełny tekst CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN

    Background: Keratin is among the most abundant structural proteins of animal origin, however it remains broadly underutilized. Objective: Bioinformatic investigation was performed to evaluate selected keratins originating from mass-produced waste products, i.e., chicken feathers and pig hair, as potential sources of bioactive peptides. Methods: Pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, papain, and subtilisin were used for in silico keratinolysis with the use of “Enzyme(s) action” and fragmentomic analysis of theoretical products was performed using “Profiles of potential biological activity” in BIOPEP-UWM database of bioactive peptides. Bioactivity probability calculation and toxicity prediction of the peptides obtained were estimated using PeptideRanker and ToxinPred tools, respectively. Results: Our results showed that the keratins are a potential source of a variety of biopeptides, including dipeptidyl peptidase IV, angiotensin converting enzyme, prolyl endopeptidase inhibitory and antioxidative. Papain and subtilisin were found to be the most appropriate enzymes for keratin hydrolysis. This study presents possible structures of keratin-derived bioactive peptides that have not been previously described. Conclusion: Our data suggest additional in vitro and in vivo studies to verify theoretical predictions and further investigate the possibility of using keratin-rich waste as a source of peptide nutraceuticals.

  • Prediction of fracture toughness in fibre-reinforced concrete, mortar, and rocks using various Machine learning techniques
    • Arash Dehestani
    • Farzin Kazemi
    • Rezvan Abdi
    • Michał Nitka
    2022 ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS

    Machine Learning (ML) method is widely used in engineering applications such as fracture mechanics. In this study, twenty different ML algorithms were employed and compared for the prediction of the fracture toughness and fracture load in modes I, II, and mixed-mode (I-II) of various materials, including fibre-reinforced concrete, cement mortar, sandstone, white travertine, marble, and granite. A set of 401 specimens of “Brazilian discs with central cracks” were used as a training and testing dataset. The main features of the experimental technique in each specimen are the fracture mode, the tensile strength of the specimen, the inclination of the crack with loading direction, the thickness of specimens and the half-length of the crack. The improved ML algorithms were implemented using Python programming language. The results of the coefficient of restitution (R2) and statistical metrics confirm that the ML algorithms are able to predict the fracture toughness and fracture load in modes I, II, and mixed-mode (I-II) with high accuracy. To validate the reliability of the proposed ML-based prediction models, three experimental tests were used. Moreover, the Graphical User Interface (GUI) of the ML-based models is created as a practical tool for estimating the fracture load and fracture toughness for engineering problems.

  • Prediction of Pile Shaft Capacity in Tension Based on Some Direct CPT Methods—Vistula Marshland Test Site
    • Łukasz Zwara
    • Lech Bałachowski
    2022 Pełny tekst Materials

    This paper presents different CPT methodologies for the prediction of the pile shaft resistance in tension on the example of three reference screw piles of the Jazowa test site in Poland. The shaft capacity was estimated based on the cone resistance, sleeve friction and CPT excess pore water pressure. Three piles with diameter 0.4 m and the length varied from 8 m to 14.6 m were subjected to static load tests in tension. Their results were used to determine the ultimate bearing capacity of the reference piles. The pile shaft resistance was estimated according to the AFNOR standard, Doan & Lehane 2018 centrifuge tests based method (Delft University of Tech-nology approach), the Modified Unicone method, KTRI (Kajima Technical Research Institute) and LCPC (Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées) method. Then, the ultimate bearing ca-pacity determined in static load tests was compared to the estimated values according to five different methods. The best estimation fitting almost perfectly to static load tests values was obtained with AFNOR method whereas the other predictions significantly underestimated the ultimate bearing capacity.

  • Prediction of Wastewater Quality at a Wastewater Treatment Plant Inlet Using a System Based on Machine Learning Methods
    • Barbara Wodecka
    • Jakub Drewnowski
    • Anita Białek
    • Ewa Łazuka
    • Joanna Szulżyk-Cieplak
    2022 Pełny tekst Processes

    One of the important factors determining the biochemical processes in bioreactors is the quality of the wastewater inflow to the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Information on the quality of wastewater, sufficiently in advance, makes it possible to properly select bioreactor settings to obtain optimal process conditions. This paper presents the use of classification models to predict the variability of wastewater quality at the inflow to wastewater treatment plants, the values of which depend only on the amount of inflowing wastewater. The methodology of an expert system to predict selected indicators of wastewater quality at the inflow to the treatment plant (biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, and ammonium nitrogen) on the example of a selected WWTP—Sitkówka Nowiny, was presented. In the considered system concept, a division of the values of measured wastewater quality indices into lower (reduced values of indicators in relation to average), average (typical and most common values), and upper (increased values) were adopted. On the basis of the calculations performed, it was found that the values of the selected wastewater quality indicators can be identified with sufficient accuracy by means of the determined statistical models based on the support vector machines and boosted trees methods.

  • Prediction of Weld Deformations by Numerical Methods - Review
    • Janusz Kozak
    2022 Pełny tekst Polish Maritime Research

    The welding process is the basic technique of joining in the shipbuilding industry. This method generates welding distortions that cause a lot of problems during the manufacturing process due to both the time and cost of straightening as well as their influence on later stages of production. Proper preparation of welding processes plays a growing role in the shipbuilding industry and the development of calculating tools is being observed. The paper presents a review and critical analysis of numerical methods for the assessment of welding distortion.

  • Predictions of cervical cancer identification by photonic method combined with machine learning
    • Michał Kruczkowski
    • Anna Drabik-Kruczkowska
    • Anna Marciniak
    • Martyna Tarczewska
    • Monika Kosowska
    • Małgorzata Szczerska
    2022 Pełny tekst Scientific Reports

    Cervical cancer is one of the most commonly appearing cancers, which early diagnosis is of greatest importance. Unfortunately, many diagnoses are based on subjective opinions of doctors—to date, there is no general measurement method with a calibrated standard. The problem can be solved with the measurement system being a fusion of an optoelectronic sensor and machine learning algorithm to provide reliable assistance for doctors in the early diagnosis stage of cervical cancer. We demonstrate the preliminary research on cervical cancer assessment utilizing an optical sensor and a prediction algorithm. Since each matter is characterized by refractive index, measuring its value and detecting changes give information about the state of the tissue. The optical measurements provided datasets for training and validating the analyzing software. We present data preprocessing, machine learning results utilizing four algorithms (Random Forest, eXtreme Gradient Boosting, Naïve Bayes, Convolutional Neural Networks) and assessment of their performance for classification of tissue as healthy or sick. Our solution allows for rapid sample measurement and automatic classification of the results constituting a potential support tool for doctors.

  • Preferences of the Facade Composition in the Context of Its Regularity and Irregularity
    • Michał Malewczyk
    • Antoni Taraszkiewicz
    • Piotr Czyż
    2022 Pełny tekst Buildings

    Abstract: The aim of this study is to determine the preferences of Polish society towards building facades depending on the degree of the composition regularity of the facade elements. The subject matter is inspired by the authors’ observations in relation to the current architectural trends. The purposefulness of the conducted research results from several issues. Firstly, the reports of psychology and neurosciences clearly indicate the universality of certain preferences towards visual attributes of objects (e.g., in relation to abstract symmetric patterns), resulting from biological conditions. Secondly, residential, multi-family architecture is by definition designed for a wide group of anonymous users whose expectations must be met. One of the dimensions of the above-mentioned expectations is the visual dimension, partially dependent on the composition of the facade. In the course of the conducted research, it is shown that facades with a regular composition are assessed as more attractive than those with irregular compositions. Moreover, irregular facades evoked a negative effect of a significantly greater force than the positive effect in the case of regular facades. The above-described discoveries shed, in the authors’ opinion, a completely new light on the contemporary work of architects. It is extremely important to adapt the visual dimension of architecture to the expectations of its recipients, while taking care of its values and quality as a field of art.

  • Preferred Benchmarking Criteria for Systematic Taxonomy of Embedded Platforms (STEP) in Human System Interaction Systems
    • Alicja Kwaśniewska
    • Sharath Raghava
    • Carlos Davila
    • Mikael Sevenier
    • David Gamba
    • Jacek Rumiński
    2022

    The rate of progress in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) has significantly increased over the past ten years and continues to accelerate. Since then, AI has made the leap from research case studies to real production ready applications. The significance of this growth cannot be undermined as it catalyzed the very nature of computing. Conventional platforms struggle to achieve greater performance and efficiency, what causes a surging demand for innovative AI accelerators, specialized platforms and purpose-built computes. At the same time, it is required to provide solutions for assessment of ML platform performance in a reproducible and unbiased manner to be able to provide a fair comparison of different products. This is especially valid for Human System Interaction (HSI) systems that require specific data handling for low latency responses in emergency situations or to improve user experience, as well as for preserving data privacy and security by processing it locally. Taking it into account, this work presents a comprehensive guideline on preferred benchmarking criteria for evaluation of ML platforms that include both lower level analysis of ML models and system-level evaluation of the entire pipeline. In addition, we propose a Systematic Taxonomy of Embedded Platforms (STEP) that can be used by the community and customers for better selection of specific ML hardware consistent with their needs for better design of ML-based HSI solutions.