2017 - Repozytorium publikacji - Politechnika Gdańska

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Architectural Symbols of a City – Case Study
- Jacek Poplatek
2017 Pełny tekst IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
The identity of a city is understood as a collection of individual features, which give the city its individual character and distinguish it from other places; it undoubtedly constitutes a cultural value, which should be cherished. In the case of Sopot – a spa located on the Bay of Gdansk, the mosaic of its geographical location, landscape values, urban layout and historic architecture has created a unique image of a seaside resort. The identity of a city and its image is not always permanent and unchanging in time. In the case of Sopot, only 5% of the existing buildings were damaged during the Second World War. However, the most important ones, characteristic for the city and located in its representative part, were destroyed. The war was followed by a period of economic stagnation and isolation from the free world, which lasted for almost 45 years. The situation changed in 1989, when Poland regained its sovereignty. Since that time numerous investment projects have been carried out in Sopot, including the prestigious ones, located in the representative part of the city. This paper has been devoted to Sopot architecture – both historic and modern, the dominating architectural trends and the issues connected with the coexistence of “the old and the new”. The buildings characteristic for the city, historic and modern ones, which constituted (or constitute at present) important landmarks in the urban area, and which were (or still are) the city symbols, have been analysed. Unfortunately, some of the buildings constructed over the last 25 years in the representative part of the city are not consistent with its unique character. The decisions made by investors, architects, city authorities and the monument preservation office may have serious negative effects; they may cause degradation of urban space and, as a result, harm its image. In the summary of this paper possible dangers connected with realising investments in the most important city locations, the ones with historic context, have been indicated, and recommendations aimed at elimination of such dangers have been presented. The priority – particularly in cities with an established, unique image – should be to ensure that architectural and cultural heritage is preserved, while new architecture should speak with modern language and introduce new values to its historic surroundings.
Architekt miasta wczoraj i dziś - wizjoner czy administrator? Uwagi na temat roli architekta miejskiego w kształtowaniu wizji miasta
- Małgorzata Kostrzewska
- Bartosz Macikowski
2017 Pełny tekst Studia Komitetu Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania Kraju PAN
Artykuł jest próbą oceny roli architekta miejskiego od początków XX wieku do czasów obecnych. Opracowanie bazuje na pytaniu badawczym, czy we współczesnym mieście wciąż jest miejsc na wizjonerską i wiodącą rolę architekta miejskiego w kształtowaniu przestrzeni, jak to miało miejsce w przeszłości. Architekci miejscy są dziś raczej związani z pełnieniem funkcji administracyjnych, natomiast kwestie przekształceń urbanistycznych powierzane są interdyscyplinarnym zespołom. Artykuł jest poświęcony sylwetkom wybranych architektów miejskich, których aktywność zawodowa przypada na koniec XIX wieku, następnie dwudziestolecie międzywojenne i współczesność. Opisani architekci znacząco wpłynęli na kształt miast, w których pełnili funkcje architektów miejskich. Są to miasta o zróżnicowanym charakterze i rozmiarach i ich wybór może przyczynić się do pogłębienia refleksji na temat teraźniejszości i przyszłości miast i ich ładu przestrzennego.
Architektoniczne przestrzenie wspólne dizajnu i sztuki
- Agnieszka Kurkowska
2017
W aspekcie współczesnego wszechobecnego konsumpcjonizmu i ograniczonych możliwości dotarcia do odbiorcy, role obiektów należących do sztuk czystych przejmują obiekty będące wytworami projektantów w zakresie sztuk użytkowych, w tym architektów. Jednocześnie sztuka poszukuje nowych form i środków wyrazu, żeby wzbudzić zainteresowanie. Rozpatrywanym obiektem jest Dom. Oczywistą jego odsłoną jest spełnienie oczekiwanej funkcji wynikającej z ludzkiej potrzeby zamieszkiwania. Kolejnym aspektem jest przekaz określonych wartości oraz ich stymulacja dzięki istniejącej w obiekcie warstwie symbolicznej i pozaformalnej. Człowiek, poprzez zamieszkiwanie, zabezpiecza zasadniczą potrzebę schronienia oraz realizuje różnorodne potrzeby towarzyszące. Dom będąc obiektem mieszkalnym i nośnikiem oraz emanacją wartości reprezentujących mieszkańców stanowi przedmiot i znak tożsamości.
Architektoniczne tożsamości miasta portowego - na przykładach Gdańska i Gdyni oraz Hamburga i Altony
- Bartosz Macikowski
2017 Pełny tekst Studia Komitetu Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania Kraju PAN
Harbour cities of Northern Europe, especially those growing in the circle of influence of Hanseatic League, were formed in a way, which allows to identify them as the cities of a specific identity considering architecture and urban planning. Industrial revolution of 19-th and early 20-th century brought the radical change in the field of spatial development of the cities. Economical, political, cultural influences, also social needs initiated new concepts and ideas of the city and architecture. Particularly during the interwar time the new epoch, called Modernism begun. Modernizm is commonly recognized as cosmopolitan and international architectural movement. In fact, within this movement has grown a many different ideas, streams or styles, sometimes representing clear political declaration, which in fact allowed to create different architectural identities of the cities. In April and May 2011, in Gdynia the international exhibition "Gustav Oelsner - Light, Air and Color" was presented. Exhibition was dedicated to the achievements and work of the city architect of city Altona Gustav Oelsner. Altona was a harbour city, which during the ages was growing at the side of the great neighbour - Hamburg. Presentation of the exhibition in Gdynia is not a coincidence. The historical context of the development of city Gdynia at the side of a large port city Gdansk became an inspiration to pose the questions not only of historical nature, but also the questions about future architecture, and future identity of these cities.
Architektura. Dom jako znak tożsamości
- Agnieszka Kurkowska
2017
Architektura to struktury z przestrzeni naszego otoczenia spełniające określone funkcje, przekazujące komunikaty, uformowane przez świadomego swojej roli artystę. Architekt jest nim w takiej samej mierze w jakiej musi być rzemieślnikiem, czy inżynierem. Trudno łączyć te konieczności. Dlatego czasem architekt poprzestaje na architektonicznej rzeźbie ideowej, modelu, który dzięki swojej syntetycznej powściągliwości jest bardziej czytelny.
Architektura Krajobrazu Podstawy Projektowania Terenów Zieleni
- Maura Zaworska
2017
Projektowanie architektoniczne zawsze odbywa się w krajobrazie, stanowiąc jedno z wyzwań, przed jakim staje architekt w praktyce zawodowej. Jest jednym z wyznaczników jego świadomości środowiskowej. Niniejsze opracowanie prezentuje podstawowe narzędzia niezbędne do prowadzenia dialogu architekta z krajobrazem. Przeznaczone jest dla studentów wydziału architektury jako pomoc dydaktyczna dla przedmiotu architektura krajobrazu. Publikacja jest wyborem autorskim o charakterze przeglądu, zawiera jednak też autorskie podejście do wybranych zagadnień. Praca składa się z pięciu rozdziałów. Pierwszy zawiera wyjaśnienie podstawowych pojęć związanych z architekturą krajobrazu przywoływanych w skrypcie oraz wybór literatury przedmiotu. Drugi stanowi autorski wybór tworzywa drzewiastego stosowanego przede wszystkim w publicznych terenach zieleni miejskiej wraz z zestawieniem ich właściwości. Rozdział trzeci przybliża zasady opracowywania inwentaryzacji dendrologicznej oraz gospodarki istniejącym drzewostanem. Rozdział czwarty prezentuje przykładowe oznaczenia graficzne stosowane w praktyce projektowej. W ostatnim, piątym rozdziale zawarto wybór przepisów prawnych związanych z tematem.
Architektura protestantów na Żuławach - szkic problematyki
- Piotr Samól
2017
Artykuł dotyczy zagadnień architektury sakralnej na Żuławach użytkowanej przez protestantów od XVI do XX w. W szkicu zawarto próbę systematyki budowli protestanckich wskazując, że ich architektura nie jest jednorodna i wynika zarówno z uwarunkowań historyczno-kulturowych jak i praktycznych.
ARRAY OF MINIJETS – THERMAL AND HYDRAULIC PHENOMENA IN BOUNDARY LAYER
- Tomasz Kura
- Elżbieta Fornalik-Wajs
- Jan Wajs
2017
Presented work considers flow and thermal phenomena occurring in the system consisting of minijets array and heated with constant heat flux surface. Numerical analyses, based on the mass, momentum and energy conservation laws, were conducted. Focus was placed on the proper model construction, in which turbulence and boundary layer modelling was crucial. Calculations were done for various mass flow rates. The main calculations were conducted for two systems, with flat and curved heated surface. First geometry came from the cooling of electrical devices, while the curved one from geometry of cylindrical heat exchanger. The results, regarding Nusselt number, heated surface temperature, turbulence kinetic energy, production of entropy and vorticity, were presented and discussed. For assumed geometrical parameters similar results were obtained.
Art and Healthcare - Healing Potential of Artistic Interventions in Medical Settings
- Anna Awtuch
- Agnieszka Gębczyńska-Janowicz
2017
The stereotype of a machine for healing seems to be well rooted in common thinking and social perception of hospital buildings. The technological aspect of healthcare architecture has been influenced for several years by three major factors. The first is linked to the necessity of providing safety and security in the environment of elevated epidemiological risk. The second concerns the need for incorporating advanced technology required for medical equipment and building infrastructure. Finally, the third relates to Cartesian dualism in medical sciences. Fortunately, healthcare architecture of 21st-century is in the process of dynamic transformations resulting from the change in approach to patients. The holistic perspective gradually enters into medical sciences, and as a result a patient is perceived as a human being whose needs are discussed on three equally important dimensions: biological, social and psychological. The new trend has influenced the design process of contemporary hospitals. One can observe a turn from the primacy of medical technology over environmental conditions towards the balance between medical requirements and psychological and social needs of hospital users. The research on the impact of hospital environment on therapeutic process gave rise to a new trend of incorporating arts into the space and form of medical facilities. Both architecture and interior design details are more carefully negotiated in terms of aesthetics. Designers expand the possibilities of exhibiting visual art in functional and spatial arrangement. The initiatives introducing artistic objects, installations and activities into medical spaces aim at increasing the efficiency of medical services, transforming the image of sterile hospital architecture and introducing high quality public space. These interventions generate the impact both on micro and macro scales and they concern several fields of activity and forms of art. The paper presents the scope of possibilities for introducing art into contemporary medical spaces and discusses the influence of selected solutions incorporating artistic interventions on healthcare users.
Artificial Neural Network in Forecasting the Churn Phenomena Among Costumers of IT and Power Supply Services
- Przemyslaw Wojda
- Krzysztof Nowicki
2017 Automatyka Elektryka Zakłócenia
This paper presents an attempt to use an artificial neural network to investigate the churn phenomenon among the customers of a telecommunications operator. An attempt was made to create a data model based on the customer lifetime value (CLV) rather than on activity alone. A multilayered artificial neural network was used for the experiments. The results yielded a 99% successful identification rate for customers in no danger of leaving, while only 57% of those identified as in danger of leaving actually did so and stopped using the company's services.
Artificial Neural Networks as an architectural design tool- generating new detail forms based on the Roman Corinthian order capital
- Kacper Radziszewski
2017 Pełny tekst IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
The following paper presents the results of the research in the field of the machine learning, investigating the scope of application of the artificial neural networks algorithms as a tool in architectural design. The computational experiment was held using the backward propagation of errors method of training the artificial neural network, which was trained based on the geometry of the details of the Roman Corinthian order capital. During the experiment, as an input training data set, five local geometry parameters combined has given the best results: Theta, Pi, Rho in spherical coordinate system based on the capital volume centroid, followed by Z value of the cartesian coordinate system and a distance from vertical planes created based on the capital symmetry. Additionally during the experiment, artificial neural network hidden layers optimal count and structure was found, giving results of the error below 0.2% for the mentioned before input parameters. Once successfully trained artificial network, was able to mimic the details composition on any other geometry type given. Despite of calculating the transformed geometry locally and separately for each of the thousands of surface points, system could create visually attractive and diverse, complex patterns. Designed tool, based on the supervised learning method of machine learning, gives possibility of generating new architectural forms- free of the designers imagination bounds. Implementing the infinitely broad computational methods of machine learning, or Artificial Intelligence in general, not only could accelerate and simplify the design process, but give an opportunity to explore never seen before, unpredictable forms or everyday architectural practice solutions.
ASPEKTY BEZPIECZEŃSTWA W PROJEKTOWANIU I BUDOWIE INFRASTRUKTURY TRAMWAJOWEJ
- Natalia Bujak
- Sławomir Grulkowski
- Jerzy Zariczny
2017 Pełny tekst Archiwum Instytutu Inżynierii Lądowej
W artykule omówiono podstawowe problemy szeroko rozumianej infrastruktury tramwajowej, które wpływają na poziom bezpieczeństwa. Wskazano kierunki i przykłady działań w zakresie poprawy bezpieczeństwa w ruchu tramwajowym. Za konieczne uznano projektowanie i ciągły rozwój rozwiązań infrastrukturalnych w sposób uwzględniający wymogi bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego.
Aspekty Edukacyjne Wirtualnych Światów. Aplikacja Second Life
- Paweł Topol
- Wojciech Kowalewski
- Iwona Mokwa-Tarnowska
- Piotr Leszczyński
- Mirosława Kołowska-gawiejnowicz
- Idzi Siatkowski
- Anna Ren-kurc
2017 Pełny tekst Journal Education, Technology and Computer Science
Artykuł koncentruje się na trójwymiarowych środowiskach wirtualnych i ich funkcjonalności edukacyjnej na przykładzie świata Second Life. Wbrew opiniom pojawiającym się od czasu do czasu w literaturze przedmiotu światy wirtualne 3D nie odchodzą w przeszłość, przynajmniej nie w sektorze edukacyjnym. Autorzy artykułu próbują to wykazać,przedstawiając różne aspekty Second Life w zastosowaniach dydaktycznych, naukowych, a także kulturowo-poznawczych. Tytułem wprowadzenia została przedstawiona konstrukcja logiczna światów wirtualnych. Następ-nie zostały przybliżone wybrane aspekty infrastruktury i nawigacji w świecie wirtualnym. Odręb-na część poświęcona jest wątkowi polskiemu, a mianowicie polskim wyspom, co zostało poparte krótką analizą statystyczną z perspektywy użytkownika. W kolejnej części zostały omówione afordancje świata wirtualnego 3D na przykładzie nauki języków obcych. Jest tam mowa o eduka-cji językowej na przykładach zarówno nieformalnych i okazjonalnych, jak i zinstytucjonalizowa-nych i sformalizowanych. Autorzy zwracają też uwagę na wirtualnerealizacje obiektów i miejsc 263ocharakterze kulturalnym lub turystycznym. Artykuł wieńczy krótka analiza opinii na tematświa-tów wirtualnych typu Second Life oparta naliteraturzeprzedmiotu.
Assembly of 1D Granular Structures from Sulfonated Polystyrene Microparticles
- Alexander Mikkelsen
- Ahmet Kertmen
- Khobaib Khobaib
- Michal Rajnak
- Kurimsky Juraj
- Zbigniew Rozynek
2017 Pełny tekst Materials
Being able to systematically modify the electric properties of nano- and microparticles opens up new possibilities for the bottom-up fabrication of advanced materials such as the fabrication of one-dimensional (1D) colloidal and granular materials. Fabricating 1D structures from individual particles offers plenty of applications ranging from electronic sensors and photovoltaics to artificial flagella for hydrodynamic propulsion. In this work, we demonstrate the assembly of 1D structures composed of individual microparticles with modified electric properties, pulled out of a liquid environment into air. Polystyrene particles were modified by sulfonation for different reaction times and characterized by dielectric spectroscopy and dipolar force measurements. We found that by increasing the sulfonation time, the values of both electrical conductivity and dielectric constant of the particles increase, and that the relaxation frequency of particle electric polarization changes, causing the measured dielectric loss of the particles to shift towards higher frequencies. We attributed these results to water adsorbed at the surface of the particles. With sulfonated polystyrene particles exhibiting a range of electric properties, we showed how the electric properties of individual particles influence the formation of 1D structures. By tuning applied voltage and frequency, we were able to control the formation and dynamics of 1D structures, including chain bending and oscillation.
Assessing Acute Toxicity of Selected Packages Internal Layers Extracts using Microtox®
- Natalia Jatkowska
- Błażej Kudłak
- Galina Yotova
- Stefan Tsakovski
- Jacek Namieśnik
2017 Pełny tekst PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE
In the scientific literature related to the widely understood issue of packaging materials designed to have contact with food (food contact materials), there is much information on raw materials used for their production, as well as their physiochemical properties, types and parameters. Unfortunately, not much attention is given to the issues concerning migration of toxic substances from packaging and its actual influence on the health of the final consumer, even though health protection and food safety are the priority tasks. The goal of this study was to estimate the impact of particular foodstuff packaging type, food production and storage conditions on the degree of leaching of potentially toxic compounds to foodstuffs with the use of the acute toxicity test Microtox®. From all simulants studied, the 3% acetic acid in water proved to cause significant migration of toxic compounds with increase of time and temperature of extraction and justified the hypothesis that food products with low pH values (stored in cans) cause significant damage to cans internal resin filing and is a reason of increased migration rate of package material to foodstuff.
Assessment and Optimization of Air Monitoring Network for Smart Cities with Multicriteria Decision Analysis
- Aleksander Orłowski
- Mariusz Marć
- Jacek Namieśnik
- Marek Tobiszewski
2017
Environmental monitoring networks need to be designed in efficient way, to minimize costs and maximize the information granted by their operation. Gathering data from monitoring stations is also the essence of Smart Cities. Agency of Regional Air Quality Monitoring in the Gdańsk Metropolitan Area (pol. ARMAAG) was assessed in terms of its efficiency to obtain variety of information. The results on one-month average concentrations of seven parameters (data for three years) for eight monitoring stations were the input data to multicriteria decision analysis assessment and the least effective was detected.
Assessment of copper surface coverage with corrosion inhibitor using AFM-based local electrical measurements
- Michał Szociński
- Kazimierz Darowicki
2017 Pełny tekst CORROSION ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
The paper presents a new method of assessment of metal surface coverage with corrosion inhibitor and thus of inhibitor protective performance. It is based on the atomic force microscopy measurement performed in a contact mode. Apart from topography images the proposed approach allows acquisition of local DC maps and local electrical impedance spectra via application of DC bias voltage or AC perturbation signal between the conductive AFM tip and the substrate. Potentialities of this technique in inhibitor performance monitoring were illustrated on the example of copper/benzotriazole system exposed to elevated humidity environment.
Assessment of crack resistance of S355J2+N steel according to SEP 1390 standard
- Grzegorz Rogalski
- Aleksandra Świerczyńska
- Dariusz Fydrych
2017
The aim of the study was to evaluate the weldability of S355J2+N steel by bending test according to SEP 1390. In the specimen from S355J2+N steel 3 external cracks were found, 1 of which were stopped in the fusion line and 2 in heat affected zone. Results of bending test for investigated grade of steel are positive.
Assessment of crack resistance of ship steels according to SEP 1390 standard
- Grzegorz Rogalski
- Aleksandra Świerczyńska
- Dariusz Fydrych
2017
The aim of the study was to evaluate the weldability of E36 nd NVE-36 steels by bending test according to SEP 1390. In the case of the specimen from E36 steel 9 external cracks were found, 5 of which were stopped in the fusion line and 4 in heat affected zone. In the case of the specimen from NVE-36 steel 8 external cracks were found, 4 of which were stopped in the fusion line and 4 in heat affected zone. Results of bending test for both specimens are positive.
Assessment of hearing in coma patients employing auditory brainstem response, electroencephalography, and eye-gaze-tracking
- Andrzej Czyżewski
- Bożena Kostek
2017 Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
The results of the study conducted by Tagliaferri et al. in 12 European countries indicate that the ratio of registered brain injury cases in Europe amounts to 150-300 per 100 000 people, with the European mean value of 235 cases per 100 000 people. The project presented in the paper assumes development of a combined metric of patients’ state remaining in coma by intelligent fusion of GCS (subjective Glasgow Coma Scale or its derivatives) with objective data acquired using ABR (Auditory Brainstem Response), EEG (electroencephalography), and EGT (Eye-Gaze-Tracking). Variety of coma patients from cooperating medical care centers were examined. Senses examination involved the assessment of their function by a medical specialist, with special attention paid to hearing tests results obtained with an ABR measuring device. The assessment included speech-based cognitive functions such as comprehension, phonematic hearing and auditory gnosia. Achieved results are discussed in the paper showing that most patients remaining in coma after a severe brain injury have preserved the ability to receive sound stimuli. [The project was partially funded by the Polish National Science Centre on the basis of the decision No. DEC-2014/15/B/ST7/04724.]